INDIA’S FREEDOM MOVEMENT 1

Partition of Bengal (1905)

In 1905 Lord Curzon made the partition of Bengal
He divided Bengal into two parts-East and west parts

Partition of Bengal (1905)

The partition was revoked in 1911 by Lord Hardinge Due to the violent criticism
The intention of Curzon was to suppress the political activities in Bengal and to create a Hindu–Muslim divide

Swadeshi Movement (1905)

To promote self-reliance
By INC to protest against the Partition of Bengal
Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, and Bipin Chandra Pal

All-India Muslim League (1906)

Founded in 30 Dec. 1906 by Nawab Khwaja Salimullah, Aga Khan and Nawab Mohsin-ul-Mulk

Minto-Morley Reforms (Indian Councils Act 1909)

Widen the scope of legislative councils
Placate the demands of moderates in Indian National Congress
Increase the participation of Indians in the governance
Seprate Electorates for Muslims

Delhi Durbar (1911)

In 1911 King George V visited India
Darbar was held to commemorate the coronation of King George V and Queen Mary as Emperor and Empress of India

Delhi Durbar (1911)

The King declared that Capital of India will be transferred from Calcutta to Delhi
Also declared the Partition of Bengal is cancelled

Formation of The Ghadar Party at San Francisco (1913)

An organization founded by Punjabis Principally Sikhs in the United States and Canada

Founder - Sohan Singh Bhakna

Co-Founder - Lala Hardayal

Indian Home Rule League (1916)

Self government within the British empire
Idea from Irish home rule movement
Launched by tilak and annie besant
lasted from 1916-1918

Lucknow Pact (1916)

Agreement made by the INC (Tilak) and Muslim League (Muhammad Ali Jinnah)
Reunion of the moderate and extremists wings of the Congress
presided over by Ambica Charan Mazumda

Champaran Satyagraha (1917)

Champaran district of Bihar
first Satyagraha movement inspired by Mohandas Gandhi
Mahatma Gandhi’s first Satyagraha

Champaran Satyagraha (1917)

This Movement was against the tinakathia system
Tinakathia system - the peasants were bound to plant 3 out of 20 parts of his land with indigo for his landlord

Montague-Chelmsford Reforms (1919)

Mont-Ford Reforms
To introduce self-governing institutions gradually to India
Montagu - Samuel Montagu Secretary of State of India
Chelmsford - Lord Chelmsford Viceroy

Montague-Chelmsford Reforms (1919)

The Central Legislative Council Now two houses- The Imperial Legislative and the Council of States
Provinces were to follow the Dual Government System or Dyarchy

Rowlatt Act (1919)

Arrest anyone without warrant and imprisoned without trial
Gandhi called it a Black Act

Jallianwala Bagh massacre At (1919)

At Amritsar, On April 13, 1919
On Baisakhi Punjab's festivals
Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer, with 50 Soldiers

Jallianwala Bagh massacre Title Drop (1919)

Rabindranath Tagore renounced his knighthood in protest against this incident. Gandhi surrendered his Kaiser-i-Hind medal

Non-cooperation Movement (1920)

By Gandhi after the Jallianwala Bagh
Resist British rule through nonviolence
Promotion of Swadeshi
Withdraw in 1922 because of Chauri Chaura incident of violence

Khilafat Movement launched (1920)

Agitation by Indian Muslims allied with Indian nationalist

Purpose - Ottoman Sultan as Caliph of Islam

After WWI

Khilafat Movement launched (1919)

By The Ali brothers - Mohammed Ali & Shaukat Ali and Moulana Abul Kalam Azad
Gandhi presided over the All India Khilafat Conference held at Delhi in November 1919

Khalifat and Non-cooperation Link 1920

By Gandhi in 1920 INC Nagpur Session

To Unite Hindu-Muslims

Khalifat Movement End

In 1924

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the new Turkish leader, abolished the Caliphate (Abdulmejid II)

Moplah Rebellion in Malabar (1921)

Moplahs (Mappilas) - Malayali speaking Muslims
Extended version of the Khilafat Movement in Kerala
After Khilafat meetings became illegal
Crackdown of the British in Eranad and Valluvanad taluks of Malabar

Chauri-Chaura Incidence (1922)

Gorakhpur district of UP
Non-cooperation movement clashed with police
Deaths of 3 civilians and 22 or 23 policemen
Gandhi halted the Non-cooperation Movement