Biochem1 lecture objectives and review guide

Relate the terms biomolecule, macromolecule and macroassembly.

biomolecule: nucleotides, amino acids, carbs, lipids, metabolites

macromolecules: DNA/RNA, proteins, polysaccs

macroassembles: cellular membranes, large protein complexes

Identify the four fundamental biomolecules and their major roles in the cell.

fundamental bc they are the building blocks for more complex mols

fatty acids: metabolic fuel, fuel storage, membranes

carbs: fuel source, fuel storage, structure

amino acids: fuel metabolites, proteins

nitrogeneous bases: high energy triphosphate mols, DNA,RNA

Relate how individual biomolecules in a macromolecule and the order of biomolecules in a macromolecule are the "information" contained within the macromolecule.

structure and properties determine function

structure is unique to every molecule and the order gives a specific code of which they follow to function

-ordered sense or directionality

-each biomolecule has diff properties (hydrophobic/philic, formal charge, partial charge, eetc) which determine interaction

Interpret the fundamental relationship between biomolecule/macromolecule structure and function.

the physical and chem props of the small component mols determine the structure of macromols and macroassembles

biomol- aa, macromol- protein, macroassem- protein complex

the biomols provide a code of unique sequences of information that help order the next highest like protein macromol and even further; the order of the smallest directs the folding and function of each step along the way

Relate how individual cells / organs will function within themselves to meet their own needs while also working with other cells / organs to meet more whole body needs.

we take in raw materials for energy in the form of dietary components which is broken down by digestion into fundamental biomols for absorption and transport

dietary fuels like carbs, fatty acids, amino acids to meet immediate energy needs through fuel oxidative pathways and excess is stored for future use

dietary biomols can also be used to synthesize compounds needed for other biosynthetic pathways and waste is removed through detox and waste disposal pathways

food-->digestion-->fuel, sotrage, excrete, synthesize

Interpret the statement that living organisms are never in equilibrium with their surroundings.

the cell will focus on energy production to drive cellular processes; there are way too many pathways going on inside and outside cells that the body is trying to find equilibrium in so many places (organs, entire body, cells individ)

Interpret the statement that diseases and pathologies (can) arise from errors in cellular structure and functions.

living orgs are susceptible to disease when things within the body malfunction

if DNA is mutated or not replicated correctly then proteins cannot be synthesized correctly and things within the body wont work right down the road

ions can go out of balance in the cell which can negatively impact cell signaling like hormones which will then impact pathways

improper nutrition decreases sufficient amount of building blocks we need to make biomols and tools needed to carry out essential rnxs

Review the four fundamental biomolecules that make up most cellular macromolecules or macroassemblies. What is a macromolecule? What is a macroassebly?

amino acids, nitrogeneous bases, fatty acids, carbs

a macromolecule is a larger molecule composed of biomols to make proteins, dna, etc

a macroassembly is a complex of macromolecules like cellular membranes of protein complexes

Review the concept of "directionality" in biological macromolecules. How does the order of fundamental molecules in a macromolecule convey information about structure and function?

the order of specific and unique amino acids in a biomol will influence the function of each larger molecule, like the macromol, along the way

Review the relationship between the chemical structure and properties of a molecule and the chemical / physical "information" the molecule contains.

each amino acid has a specific chemical structure that relates to its individ properties which is how it knows how to interact with other mols around it

Review the concept that we as humans are not in equilibrium with our surroundings. What is some evidence to show this is true?

our body is constantly using mols within us to drive cellular forces; things need to be replenished; we take in many things through diet which then are broken down and used in various areas in the body or even excreted because they are waste or stored if extra