A Level History - Russia chapter 15

When did Stalin turn 50?

1929

What types of media were used for propaganda? (4)

paintings, poems, posters, sculptures

In which years was the Stalin cult fully established?

1933-1939

Which book was published as the main historical textbook for all educational institutions in the 1938? (2 names)

the history of the all-union communist party or the short course

When was the short course published?

1938

What changes to history were made in the short course? (3)

Stalin took on a major role in the October revolution, took on a major role in the civil war, old Bolsheviks were portrayed as enemies of the state or assigned to minor roles

By 1948, how many copies of the short course had been sold?

34 million

What did some peasants create in their homes as a tribute to Stalin?

a 'red corner' (like a shrine to the great Bolshevik leaders)

What was Stalin's role in the development of the Stalin cult?

was claimed that he didn't encourage it but he did little to stop it

What did Khrushchev say about Stalin reading a pre-publication version of the official 'short biography'?

Stalin insisted it be revised to praise his qualities and achievements even more

How did Stalin view arts and culture?

considered as valuable and legitimate only if they supported socialist ideology

What were writers in the USSR in the 30s expected to be? (quote)

'engineers of the human soul'

From which year did writers have to be part of the 'Union of Soviet Writers'?

1932

From which year did painters and art critics have to be part of the Union of Artists?

1932

What did the Unions for art control? (2)

what was created and who was allowed to create

How were writers and other artists meant to represent Soviet life? (2)

not exactly how it was at the time but how it might become, meant to glorify the working man and communities working together

Who laid down a frame of reference for writers in the 1930s?

Andrei Zhdanov

When did Andrei Zhdanov lay down a frame of reference for writers?

April 1934

Where did Andrei Zhdanov lay down a frame of reference for writers?

at the first congress of soviet union writers

Works from which century were revived and elevated in the 1930s?

19th century

Why were 19th century works elevated in the 1930s?

because the new culture was designed to be for the proletariat and it was believed that ordinary people could understand and relate to 19th century works

What was popular in 30s architecture in the soviet union?

solid and imposing classical forms (maybe find out what this actually means)

What was commonly depicted in painting in the 30s?

landscape art and especially scenes which showed nature tamed by soviet industrial labour

Which were the composers who were favoured during the 30s? (2)

Glinka, Tchaikovsky

Which were the authors who were favoured during the 30s? (2)

Pushkin and Tolstoy

In which ways was folk culture promoted? (3)

traditional peasant arts and crafts were praised, museums of folklore were set up, folk choirs and dancing groups appeared

What replaced the imperial eagles on the kremlin?

five red stars

When did five red stars replace the imperial eagles on the kremlin?

1935

What was the 'Palace of the Soviets'?

a building which was intended to be the tallest building in the world with a big statue of Lenin on the top (was never built)

How did Stalin's regime hope to affect people's thinking, emotions and behaviour?

by transmitting social and political values

Where did men who achieved heroic endeavours often appear?

on the front page of Pravda

Which group appeared more on the front page of Pravda between 1937 and 1938 than Stalin himself?

young men who had achieved heroic endeavours

What percentage of female factory workers was described as 'norm-breaking'?

25

Which two groups of women were glorified?

norm-breakers and mother-heroines who had large families

What was the story of Pavlik Morozov?

was a child who denounced his father as a kulak and was killed by angry relatives

What types of propaganda was there for the illiterate? (3)

posters, films, radio