WGU: MEE3 - D127 Unit Five: Data Analysis and Statistics with complete verified solutions 2025

Data

A set of values of qualitative or quantitative variables; pieces of data are individual pieces of info

Categorical

This type of data consists of data values that can be sorted into groups or categories. Also called Qualitative Data

Quantitative

Numeric information based on some quantity or measured value. Also called Numerical Data

Categorical Graphs

- Pie Chart

- Bar Chart

- Pictograph

- Venn Diagram

Quantitative Graphs

- Line Graph

- Stem-and-Leaf Plot

- Box Plot

- Histogram

Intervals

A set of numbers between two specified values

Maximum

The greatest possible value available in a data set

Minimum

The lowest value available in a data set

Lower Quartile

A lower or left rectangle which shows the dividing point between the lower 25% of values and middle 25% of values

Upper Quartile

An upper or right rectangle which shows the dividing point between the middle value and the upper 75% of values

Five-Number Summary

The minimum, first quartile, median, third quartile, and maximum. Quartile and maximum. A box plot represents the five numbers in this summary

Scatterplot

A graph that uses dots on a coordinate plane to show the relationship between two quantitative variables

Correlation

An observed relationship between two quantitative variables, but not necessarily a casual relationship

Association

A pattern or relationship between two variables

Determining if Graphs are Skewed-Right or Left

Look for the highest point and determine left or right from there

U-Shaped

Occurs when symmetric distribution has a valley instead of a peak

Uniform

Gas similar frequency across its range

Spread (Range)

The difference between the minimum and maximum value in a given measurable set

Outlier

An observation point (number) that is significantly distant from the other observations in the data set

Causation

The relationship of cause and effect. *Can ONLY be determined from an experiment

Casual Relationship

A relationship between two variables that can be classified as cause-and-effect

Control Group

A group that does not undergo any change that can be compared to a treatment group

Regression Analysis

A statistical analysis tool that quantifies the relationship between a response variable and one or more explanatory variables

Explanatory Variable

The variable that may be the cause of some result or is presented as a variable that offers an explanation. Also called the independent variable

Response Variable

The variable that is obtained as a result or the response that gets measured or observed. Also called the dependent variable

Simple Linear

The predication of one response variable's value from one or more explanatory variables' value. When there is a linear relationship between the two variables

Regression Line

The line of best fit where the distance between the line and every point in the data set is minimized

Statistics

The science that deals with the interpretation of numerical facts or data through theories of probability

Measures of Central Tendency

A summary measure that is used to describe an entire set of data with one value that represents the middle or center of the data

Mean

Average. Calculated by adding a series of elements in a data set together then dividing the sum by the total numbers in the series

Median

The value/quantity lying at the midpoint of a frequency distribution

Mode

The most frequent value in a dataset

1 mode =

Unimodal

2 modes =

Bimodal

No Mode =

Uniform

Measures of Spread

A number of measures used to determine the distance of data from the center of the data set, such as range and standard

Range

The difference between the smallest (minimum) and the greatest (maximum) values of a data set

Normal Distribution

When data tends to occur around a central value with no bias right or left. All of these look like a symmetric, bell-shaped curve

Variance

A quantifiable deviation, departure, or divergence away from a known baseline or expected value

Standard Deviation

A measure of how far, on average, data points are from the mean