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Organic chemistry
the study of carbon compounds, all of which have covalent bonds
bioinorganic substance
W/O CARBON
ex, water, inorganic salt, O2, CO2
bioorganic substance
W/ CARBON
ex. protein lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids
carbon atom
Carbon atom
can bond with itself, and create allotropes
maximum of 4 chemical bonds
branch or cyclic compounds
graphite
soft abundant allotrope of carbon
used in making pencils
carbon atoms are arranged in sheets or layers
Diamonds
bonded to four carbon atoms in a tetrahedral pattern
bonds between carbon atoms are extremely strong because of the arrangement
amorphous carbon
what carbon toms turn into when they decompose
fullerenes(c60)
globe-shaped, cage like arrangement of carbon atoms
also called carbon balls because of their resemblance to soccer balls
Named for R. Buckminster Fuller
attacks an enzyme that is found in the virus that causes aids
Hydrocarons
one of main air pollutants from carbon compounds in fuels
CARBON AND HYDROGEN
Isomerism
organic compounds with the same molecular formula, but with different bond orders
structural isomer
atoms have different partners
stereoisomers
atoms have the same partners but are arranged in space
alkanes
most fundamental class of organic compounds, also called paraffins or saturated carbons
CnH2(2n+2)
single bonds
alkenes
are also called olefins
CnH2n
carbon-carbon double bond
alkynes
CnH2n-2
carbon-carbon triple bond
aromatic hydrocarbons
came up because earlier compounds found with a ring structure had pleasant fragrances
Michael Faraday
first isolated benzene
friedrich august kekule
proposed the benzene structur in 1865
humologous series
a group of related compounds in which each member differs from the one before it by the same additional units.
cycloalkanes
has cyclic or ring structure; the smallest ring contains three carbon atoms
general formula: CnH2n, and IUPAC names are consistent with thise of the alkane
