AP HUG Migration Vocab

Asylum Seeker

Someone who has migrated to another country in hopes of being recognized as a refugee.

Brain Drain

Large-scale emigration by talented people.

Chain Migration

Migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there.

Counterurbanization

Net migration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries.

Emigration

Leaving a population.

Forced Migration

Human migration flows in which the movers have no choice but to relocate.

Gravity Model of Migration

Large communities have a greater pull and attract more migrants.

Guest Workers

A foreign laborer living and working temporarily in another country. The program began in Europe in the 1960's.

Immigration

Moving into a population.

Internal Migration

Migration within a country.

Internally Displaced Person (IDP)

Someone who has been forced to migrate for similar political reasons as a refugee, but has not migrated across an international border.

International/Transnational Migration

A process of movement and settlement across international borders.

Intervening Obstacles

An environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that hinders migration.

Intervening Opportunities

The presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of sites farther away.

Net Migration

The difference between emigration and immigration; is not part of a country's Natural Increase Rate.

Pull Factors

Conditions that draw people to another location.

Push Factors

Conditions that cause people to leave their homelands and migrate to another region.

Quotas

In reference to migration, laws that place maximum limits on the number of people who can immigrate to a country each year.

Ravenstein's Laws of Migration

A set of 11 "laws" that can be organized into three groups: the reasons why migrants move, the distance they typically move, and their characteristics.

Refugees

People who are forced to migrate from their home country and cannot return for fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion.

Remittance

Transfer of money by workers to people in the country from which they emigrated.

Slavery

A system of enforced servitude in which some people are owned by other people.

Step Migration

Migration to a distant destination that occurs in stages, for example, from farm to nearby village and later to a town and city.

Transhumance

A seasonal periodic movement of pastoral nomads and their livestock between highland and lowland pastures.

Unauthorized Immigrants

Immigrants who come into a country without the government's permission.

Urbanization

Net migration from rural to urban areas.

Voluntary Migration

Movement in which people relocate in response to perceived opportunity; not forced.