ASRT SEAL Exam 7 - RTT KB

An informed consent form includes which of the following? Please select all that apply.

-An authorization for the health care professional to perform an examination or procedure.

-A disclosure clause that explains the procedure and its risks and benefits.

-A patient understanding clause stating that the patient understands the procedure.

-A list of reasonable alternatives that are available, and the likely outcome if the patient declines treatment.

Progressive loss of body weight, fat and muscle are characteristic of __________ with an overall change

in a patient's general health and associated with increased morbidity.

Cachexia

Contact precautions would be used for which of the following conditions?

Clostridium difficile

What are cancer-causing agents called?

Carcinogens

These are devices that are simply structured and are designed to place the patient in a particular position

for daily treatment.

Positioning aids

If the dose in free space is 200 cGy and the backscatter is 1.05, what is the dose at D-max?

210 cGy

What term is used for an incident that did not reach the patient?

Near miss

Coulomb per kilogram measurement in air is the unit for radiation:

exposure

Bite blocks are used to position the chin and position the _____________ out of the treatment field.

Tongue

What is the most common cause of tissue damage?

Hypoxia

What is a disadvantage of film-based dosimeters?

Temperature sensitivity

Half value layers must be defined by both energy and _______.

attenuating material

____________ jaws are used to block off a part of the field without changing the position of the isocenter.

Asymmetric jaws

What is the unit of measurement for absorbed dose?

Gray (Gy)

The ________ can be used to straighten and align a patient for head and neck simulation/treatment.

External auditory meatus (EAM)

The attenuation rates displayed in a CT simulator as pixels of different shades of gray are called:

Hounsfield unit (HU)

Which of the following puts patients at risk for having a reaction to IV contrast? Please select all that

-Being older than 50

-having diabetes

-impaired kidney function

How long should hands be washed after contact with bodily fluids?

40-60 seconds.

Exposure (X) is measured using:

Coulomb per kilogram of air (C/kg).

Which structure is NOT retroperitoneal?

Transverse colon.

What is the study of the cause of disease called?

Etiology.

Using virtual simulation, the no-shift method can avoid potential errors in patient positioning because the

isocenter and patient markings are placed __________.

with the patient in scan position

What is the study of the incidence of disease called?

Epidemiology.

When is using an alcohol-based hand scrub acceptable?

Following a handshake with a patient.

Which of the following are rules of body mechanics that should be adhered to when moving objects or

patients in the radiology department?

Push heavy objects; avoid pulling.

What is isocenter defined as?

The point where the gantry, collimator, and couch rotate.

What hazard in the radiation therapy room can cause retinal eye damage?

Laser beams.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding patient access to health records?

A facility cannot prohibit patient access to their health care information.

A(n) ________ document dictates in advance how a patient would like to be treated if they become

unable to make health care decisions.

Living will.

Which of the following are disadvantages of using the shift method for CT simulation planning, which can

cause errors in patient set-up? Please select all that apply.

-Inexact remarking of patient

-scan performed prior to treatment

-difficult exact corrections.

Which brain structure has a space that allows cerebral spinal fluid to flow and contains the brains major

arteries?

Subarachnoid space.

What is an infectious agent termed?

Pathogen.

How is field size normally defined?

at the machines isocenter

Where is the field size defined in radiation therapy?

At the patient's isocenter.

If the exposure is 10 Gy at a distance of 100 cm, the exposure is _____ if the distance is changed to 50

cm.

40 Gy.

-According to the inverse square law (I1/I2 = d22/d21), if the distance is reduced to one-half of its original

value, the exposure increases by a factor of 4 (10 Gy x 4 = 40 Gy).

In treating with an electron beam, the tumor dose will be calculated and carried according to which

isodose line(s)?

50% isodose line.

Leak testing for brachytherapy sources must be capable of detecting the presence of ______ microcurie

(µCi)

0.005 µCi.

The scattering foil is placed in the path of the beam when this modality of radiation is used for the

patient's treatment.

electrons.

The advantage of multiple fields over single treatment fields is based on:

The principle of additive dose to tumor from all fields.

A densitometer is used for measuring dose values on what type of dosimeter?

Film badge.

The removal of photons and electrons from a radiation beam either by scattering or absorption as it

travels through the medium is called?

Attenuation.

When Compton interactions take place, they are more likely to occur with the:

Outer shell electrons.

Which transmission route can be described as the susceptible host making physical contact with the

source of infection, which is either an infected or a colonized person.

direct contact

What could a radiation therapist do if the TV monitoring system fails during a patient's treatment?

Stop all treatments until it is fixed.

Which structures in the head and neck region have little to no lymphatic vessels?

True vocal cords, middle ear, and paranasal sinuses.

The ________ protects patients who volunteer to participate in clinical research as a patient or health

subject.

Patient's Bill of Rights.

The testicles will drain first to the _____ lymph nodes.

Paraortic lymph nodes.

Recesses on the treatment table which allow the immobilization device to be positioned exactly the same

way daily, is known as ____________.

Indexing.

Which of the radiation volumes below includes the largest amount of tissue?

Treatment volume.

Which of the following is an example of a complex immobilization device? Please select all that apply.

-thermoplastic molds

-vacuum cushion

-fomaing agents

Monthly field flatness must be within ________ for electrons and _________ for x-rays for linear

accelerators.

3%, 2%

If a patient presents with cancer in the oropharynx region, what is the MOST common site for this

disease to occur?

Tonsils

The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) recommends an occupational

radiation dose limit to a fetus of _____ during an entire pregnancy.

5 mSv

Measurement tools used to assess a patient's nutritional status include which of the following? Please

select all that apply.

-Scored-Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA)

-Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST)

For radiation protection purposes, what is the Quality Factor for a photon?

1

4D-CT gives the ability to account for tumor ___________.

motion

Which of the following is NOT a property of x-ray beams?

can be focused.

What is the most common site for osteosarcoma?

Femur

What fraction of the maximum permissible dose of occupational workers is allowed for the general public?

1/4

Laser systems assist in treatment set up in which of the following ways? Please select all that apply.

-Providing visual reference to the location of isocenter

-facilitating alignment of machine coordinates with external patient landmarks.

________ precautions should be applied if the patient is known to be infected with a pathogen such as

tuberculosis.

Airborne

In a linear accelerator, what sits between the waveguide and the klystron or magnetron that prevents the

backflow of microwaves into the klystron or magnetron?

The circulator

Why is ensuring audio and visual communication during treatment delivery important? Please select all

that apply.

-The therapist may need to communicate instructions to the patient during treatment delivery.

-The patient may need assistance during treatment delivery.

-Patient movement may result in missing the treatment volume.

A physical change in a patient's metabolic status, recognized as a first symptom of cancer is

_______________.

Weight loss

Name the vessel that sits in the brain that allows most of arterial blood flow to the cerebrum?

Circle of Willis

Linear accelerators typically have a source to axis distance (SAD) of ___________, whereas cobalt units

typically have a SAD of ___________.

100 cm, 80 cm

What type of dosimeter is lithium fluoride used for?

Thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD)

A back pointer is used to:

Define the exit of the central ray of a field.

What is the purpose of a control dosimeter?

To serve as a reference value to be subtracted from other dosimeters.

The wedge angle is defined as the angle the central axis makes with the _______ isodose line.

50%

How are X-rays characterized?

By short wavelength and high frequency.

________ interaction occurs when a photon ejects a loosely bound outer shell electron.

Compton

What should a technologist NOT do when cleaning up a chemical spill?

Restock the spilled chemical quickly.

What is the Gray (Gy) a unit measure for?

Absorbed dose.

The thinner side of the wedge would attenuate ________ than the thicker side of the wedge.

Less

A photon can retain approximately two-thirds of its original energy when it undergoes a ________

interaction.

Compton

CT window level represents the ____________.

The central Hounsfield unit (HU) of all the CT numbers.

A symptom is a(an) _____________ indication a patient recognizes as a change or condition.

subjective

Where does the thoracic aorta, also known as the descending aorta, begin?

After leaving the arch of the aorta.

What is the purpose of a 'Do Not Resuscitate' (DNR) order?

To prevent the initiation of CPR.

CT simulation uses the _________ display to view the anatomy from the perspective of the treatment

beam.

Beam's eye view.

In breast cancer, what is the major lymph node group that is important in deciding disease prognosis?

Axillary lymph nodes.

What is the main difference between compensating filters and bolus?

Bolus increases the skin dose, filters do not

_____ is the portion of the brain stem that is located anterior to the cerebellum.

Pons

Protons have a quality factor of ____.

2

What does the beam of a 6 MV linear accelerator consist of?

Photons having an average energy of 6 MV.

What is the purpose of light field/radiation field coincidence tests?

To prevent geographic miss of the tumor.

How does filtration affect the primary beam?

It increases the average energy of the primary beam.

What can a belly board be used for in radiation therapy?

To displace the small bowel.

When an incoming high-speed electron interacts with the electric field of the nucleus and is decelerated,

it gives up its lost energy in the form of a photon. The electron will then leave the atom with less energy

than it had when it entered. What effect is this?

Bremsstrahlung effect

Treatment accuracy, reproducibility, and integrity of patient position is enhanced through the simulation,

set up and treatment delivery by the use of ______________.

Immobilization devices

________ is a product of the absorbed dose multiplied by a radiation weighting factor.

Equivalent dose

The ___________ mode of transmission spreads pathogens through contaminated objects such as a

patient's belongings.

Indirect contact

Personnel cumulative radiation monitoring is NOT performed with a(n):

Pocket ion chamber

When performing AAPM monthly quality checks on the alignment of the gantry lasers with the center of

the imaging plane in the CT simulator, what is the level of tolerance?

2 mm

________ consent does NOT require a signed statement by the patient.

Implied consent

The safety and accuracy of a patient treatment is ensured by monitoring during the exposure. This is

done by:

By maintaining visual or audio contact.

In what region of the lung is adenocarcinoma MOST commonly found?

Periphery

What is considered the MOST common invasive breast cancer?

Ductal carcinoma

The celiac lymph group, superior and inferior mesentery lymph node groups drain the digestive system.

Where do these 3 lymph groups enter the system at?

Cisterna chyli