Chapter 9

what is motive?

internal force that moves us to act in a certain way and not others

what is an instinct?

its a tendency to behave in a particular way

wiliam james believes that humans are… (instinct)

impelled by biologically based motives that are triggered by features of the environment

spiders have the ____ to spin webs and birds to build nest

the instinct

what is homeostasis

the bodys tendency to maintain internal equilibrium through various forms of self regulation

homeostasis can create an internal state of….

biological and psychological tension called a DRIVE

what is drive?

humans have the drive to eat sleep and so on to help them return the body to equilibrium 

pain matrix

a network of brain regions (the amygdala)

what does the amygdala do when responding to types of pain

it activates the pain matrix

what is an example of a response

that dread feeling we get whiling waiting for something awful to happen (like getting a shot)

how does pain impact our behavior 

it gives us the desire to avoid pain while motivates our behavior 

why doe people self harm? 

because adding physical pain decreases a far greater psychological pain 

intrinsically rewarding

being pursued for its own sake like playing soccer because the experience itself is fun

extrinsically rewarding

being pursued because of rewards that are not inherent part of the activity or object like getting paid to mow the lawn

getting paid to mow the lawn is motivated by….

pleasure associated with the rewarding activity or outcome

rat bar pressing for pleasure is an example of?

extrinsically rewarding

feeling of wanting =

amygdala

feeling of like =

circuit between the nucleus accubens and ventral pallidum

dual center theory 

holds 2 center of the hypothalamas, which regulates our feeling of hunger and fullness 

hypothalamus acts as…. and ventromedial hypoth. acts as…

hypo- go ventro- stop

humas with more testosterone tend to…

experience higher levels of sexual desire

Bridge test: what’s the independent and dependent variable

Indep: Scary or Normal Bridge
Depend: Calls back to female or TAT for sexual content

Placebo effect 

“vitamin supplement” study 

motivation can guide..

behavior towards satisfying specific goal

what factors motivation

need: biological or social, failure to satisfy a need leads to psychosocial or physical impairment

incentives

external objects or goals that motivates us (money, fame, respect) Operant Cond.

Sigmund Freud take on pleasure: 

pleasure principle: seek pleasure the “Id” biological urges and desires and wanting immediate gratification 

what environment influences causes sexual behavior

media: porn

fixed mindset

believing intelligence is fixed so they respond negatively to challenging feedback.

growth mindset

believing intelligence can grow and respond positively about challenging feedback

maslows hierarchy of needs

James Lange Theory

Stimulus - Physiological Response - Emotional Experience

Cannon Bard Theory

Stimulus = both physical response and emotional experience

Schachter Singer Theory 

Stimulus - Physical Response - Judgement - Emotional response 

which theory of emotions suggest that is it not easy to distinguish the bodily changes that accompany different emotions?

the cannon bard theory

affect as information perspective

the idea that affective state plays an important role in shaping problem solving and decision making

Yerks Dondson law

some arousal is good performance, too much of it leads to bad performance

emotions are

adaptive and change

charles darwin takes in emotions are

emotions are our central player for survival

Cannon Bard theory created the

fight or flight

james lange theory input on facial feedback hypothesis

feedback that face muscles evoke or magnifies emotions

cannon bard theory believed that the mind and body worked…

independently, physical sensation and cognitive perception happen simultaneously 

thalamus relays on….

information to the brain and body

thalamus play a role in

how we interpret emotion

limbic system 

hypothalamus releases hormones to body for increased arousal, amygdala sends messages to cortex for interpreting experience