Chapter 1 : Intro to Biotechnology
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53 Terms
what is the definition of biotechnology?
fusion of technology and biology / reprogram living organism to do something useful
What are three traditional biotechnologies products?
Yogurt, bread, and cheese
What are two examples of modern Biotechnology products?
Therapeutic drugs, enzymes in laundry detergents
when did the modern Biotechnology technology industry begin?
1970
When did early humans begin selectively breeding plants and livestock?
8000 bc
When was wine first invented?
4000 Bc
who developed brewing and cheese making? When?
sumerians and egyptians 2000 Bc
what was the first antibiotic used? which culture? when?
soybean curds in china in 500 bc
Who developed the first smallpox vaccine? When?
edward Jenner 1796
Who discovered proteins?
Jons jacob berzelius
when was the orgin of species published?
1859
when was pasteurization first developed?
1861
When did mendel establish the principles of genetics?
1865
Who developed the first rabies vaccine? What year ?
luis pasteur 1865
When did the term “biotechnology” first appear in print?
1919
Who discovered penicillin? what year?
alexander Fleming 1926
who discovered DNA as the carrier of genetics information
Oswald Avery
When was the double-helix structure of Dna discovered?
watson and crick in 1953
when was the mRNA discovered
1961
when was the gene first completely synthesized?
1971
When was recombinant insulin produced? by which company?
genetech in 1977
when was Dna fingerprinting first used?
1984
when were the first genetically modified tobacco plants grown?
1986
When was the first human genome project first launched?
1990
what was the first cloned mammal? what year ?
dolly the sheep 1997
when was golden rice developed?
1994
when was the human genome project completed?
1997
when was the first HPV vaccine approved?
2003
when was the first self-replicating bacterial cell created
2010
when was crisper- cas9 used for gene editing
2012
when were mRNA vaccines first used?
2021
What are the different sectors of biotechnology?
biological research, healthcare, agriculture, manufacturing
What are the key techniques in biotechnology
Molecular biology, cell biology, genetic engineering
what are the ethical consideration around biotechnology?
safety long term impact
what are the tools in biotechnology?
agriculture, manufacturing, research gene
what are two of the key instruments in biotechnology?
spectrophotometers and PCR machines
What is chromatography?
sorts DNA or seperates DNa
What is gene transfer?
delivery of genes final DNA
what is protein purification?
The final product of DNA replication
What is a spectrophotometer?
Quantifying DNA with the help of light
What is PCR?
tool used for amplifying DNA
What are the keep concepts behind using biotechnology in national defense?
biosurveill
Which company was the founding biotechnology company? what was their first product?
Genetech
what is the difference between biotech and pharmaceutical industries
biotech works DNA, while pharmaceutical works on drug discovery
who are the key users of biotechnology?
healthcare, forensics,agriculture,national defense
what is genomics
study of entire genome
what is proteomics
study of protein expression
what is precision medicine
genetic modifying precision
what happens during the drug discovery phase of drug development?
in lab with animals
what happens during phase 1 clinical trails
safety testing maybe 10 voulenteers
what happens during phase 2 clinical trials
hundreds of volunteers testing efectiveness
what happens during phase 3 clinical trials?
confirm vaccine or drug with thousands of people