Psych 202 Exam 2

Leading Cause of Death

Heart Disease

Health Psychologist

study how patients handle illnesses, why some people don’t follow medical advice and the most effective ways to control pain or change poor health habits

Stressors

stimuli that place demands on us, require us to adapt

Microstressors

everyday little stressors

Major negative events

financial hardship, job loss, divorce, and bereavement

Catastrophic Events

an overwhelming reaction to a traumatic event that is beyond the limits of normal life

Biopsychosocial model of Health

combines biology, psychology, and social perspectives

Adrenaline/epinephrine

fight or flight, increased blood flow, increased heart output

Noradrenaline/Norepinephrine

fight or flight/concentration, increased alertness, arousal and attention

Cortisol

stress, controls metabolism, bp, blood sugar, sleep and wake cycles

General Adaptive Syndrome

describes the process your body goes through when exposed to any kind of stress

Burnout

a state of physical or emotional exhaustion that also involves a reduced sense of accomplishment and loss of personal identity

Stress Management Techniques

Breathing/Meditation

Problem-Focused Coping (external)

all the active efforts to manage stressful situations and after a troubled person-environment relationship to modify or eliminate the sources of stress via individual behavior

Emotion-Focused Coping (internal)

when you try to deal with your emotions due to the stressor

Personality Psychologist

a mental health professional who specializes in analyzing personality and how it affects their patients

Freudian Personality Structure

Id, Ego, Superego

Id

innermost core of personality, driven by libido, the pleasure principle

Ego

mediator between id and superego, reality principle

Superego

morality principle, internalized parental and societal rules

Conscious

immediate awareness of current environment

Preconscious

available to awareness

Unconscious

unavailable to awareness

Freud’s Psychosexual stages oral

pleasure → mouth, sucking, biting

Freud’s Psychosexual stages anal

pleasure → bowel/bladder

Freud’s Psychosexual stages phallic

pleasure → genitals, coping with incenstial feelings

Freud’s Psychosexual stages latency

dormant sexual feelings

Freud’s Psychosexual stages genital

sexual interests

Neo-Freudian

emphasized the impact of a male dominated society on women

Inferiority Complex

chronic feeling of inadequacy and insecurity

Overcompensation

deny weakness

Persona

mask; who we present to the world

Shadow

animal side

Anima/Animus

mirror image of our biological self

Self

unified self

Birth Order: First

Leaders, Responsible, Control

Birth Order: Middle

peacekeepers, need to believe

Birth Order: Youngest

idealist, creative

Birth Order: Only

quiet, achievers

E v I

Extraverted vs. Introverted

S v N

Sensing v IntuitionTh

T v F

Thinking v Feeling

J v P

Judging v Perceiving

Humanistic

Behavior that emphasizes on consciousness, founded on how personality develops

Maslow’s Growth Theory

Focus on what we don’t have

Growth Orientation

Focus on what they have

Peak Experience

Focus on fullest potential

Roger’s Person Centered Theory

self develops as children, distinguish between me and not me

Congruence

self concept is consistent with actual experience

Incongruence

self concept is inconsistent with actual experience

Collectivist Culture

people might define themselves in terms of social responsibility

Individualistic Culture

people might define themselves in terms of traits that define them from others

Social Cognitive Theory

we learn via observation, behavior is directed towards certain goals

Modeling

If you witness something, you are more likely to imitate it

Self Control

ability to control one’s actions

Self Regulation

Consistent and appropriate actions

Self-Efficacy

preparedness for tasks

Triadic Reciprocal Causation Model

interactions between person, behavior, and environment

Eysenck Psychoticism

aggressive, impulsive, antisocial

Eysenck Extraversion

performance enhanced by social interaction

Eysenck Introversion

performance enhanced by work/keeping to oneself

Eysenck Neuroticism

high levels of negative effect such as anxiety, irritability, and depression

Reticular Activating System

regulates consciousness; underactive → ADHD

OCEAN Model: Openness

open minded, imaginative and insightful a person is or can be

Ocean Model: Conscientiousness

a tendency to be organized and dependable, to show self discipline, to aim for achievement, and to prefer planned or spontaneous behavior

Ocean Model: Extraversion

talkative, energetic, assertive, outgoing

Ocean Model: Agreeableness

kind, sympathetic, cooperative, warm, frank, considerate

Ocean Model: Neuroticism

experience negative affects including anger, anxiety, self consciousness, irritability, emotional instability, depression

Rorschach Ink Blot Test

projective psychological test in which subjects perceptions of ink blots are recorded and then analyzed using psychological interpretation, complex algorithms or both

Thematic Apperception Test

a widely used perception test for the assessment of children and adult

MMPI

used to test individuals who are suspected of having mental health issues

NEO-PI

ocean model

Deficiency Orientation

occurs when people are preoccupied with meeting needs for what they don’t have

Classifying Disorders

normal to abnormal continuum (normal, mild, moderate, psych disorder, severe psych disorder)

Biological Perspective

Physical Causes (genetics, neurotransmitters)

Psychological Perspective

caused by internal factors mixed with external environment

Sociocultural Perspective

abnormal behavior develops within a certain social context and must be treated accordingly to that social context

Biopsychosocial Perspective

abnormal behavior develops from a number of different factors

ADHD

inattentive, hyperactive, or a combination

Overexcitabilities

Gifted

Autism Spectrum Disorders

impaired social interactions, lack of social reciprocity, repetitive behaviors (level 1, 2, and 3)

Autism Causes

Mostly Unknown, possibly teratogens, paternal age or genes

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Defiant and Hostile Behavior towards peers, parents, and other authority figures

Conduct Disorder

violation of age appropriate societal norms and rules

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

excessive worry about a number of events with no identifiable cause

Panic Disorder

person has reoccurring abrupt experiences of unexpected intense fear accompanied by physical symptoms

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Obsessions: involuntary, irrational thoughts that occur repeatedly

Compulsion: an action a person feels compelled to do

Hoarding Disorder

extreme persistent difficulty disregarding possessions, causes distress and impairments in functioning

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

results from exposure to one traumatic event during which one feels hopelessness or fear

Complex Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

PTSD from ongoing traumatic events

Dissociative Amnesia

sudden loss of memory

Dissociative Identity Disorder

two or more distinct personalities that are unaware of one another

Somatic Symptom Disorders

involves physical complaints for which there is no apparent physical cause

Major Depressive Disorder

excessive sadness, loss of interest, changes in sleep, etc.

Causes of Affective Mood Disorders

genetics, neurotransmitters, brain structures, drug/alcohol use, psychological factors, sociocultural factors

Schizophrenia

psychotic symptoms, changes in mood, perception, thought, decline in social and occupational areas

Premorbid Adjustment

the ability of a person to make social and intimate relationships as well as their academic achievements before the onset of psychotic symptoms

Loose Associations

lack of connections between areas

Ideas of Reference

false beliefs that random or irrelevant occurrences in the world directly relate to oneself

Paranoid Schizophrenia

delusions and frequent auditory hallucinations