Studied by 8 people
Leading Cause of Death
Heart Disease
Health Psychologist
study how patients handle illnesses, why some people don’t follow medical advice and the most effective ways to control pain or change poor health habits
Stressors
stimuli that place demands on us, require us to adapt
Microstressors
everyday little stressors
Major negative events
financial hardship, job loss, divorce, and bereavement
Catastrophic Events
an overwhelming reaction to a traumatic event that is beyond the limits of normal life
Biopsychosocial model of Health
combines biology, psychology, and social perspectives
Adrenaline/epinephrine
fight or flight, increased blood flow, increased heart output
Noradrenaline/Norepinephrine
fight or flight/concentration, increased alertness, arousal and attention
Cortisol
stress, controls metabolism, bp, blood sugar, sleep and wake cycles
General Adaptive Syndrome
describes the process your body goes through when exposed to any kind of stress
Burnout
a state of physical or emotional exhaustion that also involves a reduced sense of accomplishment and loss of personal identity
Stress Management Techniques
Breathing/Meditation
Problem-Focused Coping (external)
all the active efforts to manage stressful situations and after a troubled person-environment relationship to modify or eliminate the sources of stress via individual behavior
Emotion-Focused Coping (internal)
when you try to deal with your emotions due to the stressor
Personality Psychologist
a mental health professional who specializes in analyzing personality and how it affects their patients
Freudian Personality Structure
Id, Ego, Superego
Id
innermost core of personality, driven by libido, the pleasure principle
Ego
mediator between id and superego, reality principle
Superego
morality principle, internalized parental and societal rules
Conscious
immediate awareness of current environment
Preconscious
available to awareness
Unconscious
unavailable to awareness
Freud’s Psychosexual stages oral
pleasure → mouth, sucking, biting
Freud’s Psychosexual stages anal
pleasure → bowel/bladder
Freud’s Psychosexual stages phallic
pleasure → genitals, coping with incenstial feelings
Freud’s Psychosexual stages latency
dormant sexual feelings
Freud’s Psychosexual stages genital
sexual interests
Neo-Freudian
emphasized the impact of a male dominated society on women
Inferiority Complex
chronic feeling of inadequacy and insecurity
Overcompensation
deny weakness
Persona
mask; who we present to the world
Shadow
animal side
Anima/Animus
mirror image of our biological self
Self
unified self
Birth Order: First
Leaders, Responsible, Control
Birth Order: Middle
peacekeepers, need to believe
Birth Order: Youngest
idealist, creative
Birth Order: Only
quiet, achievers
E v I
Extraverted vs. Introverted
S v N
Sensing v IntuitionTh
T v F
Thinking v Feeling
J v P
Judging v Perceiving
Humanistic
Behavior that emphasizes on consciousness, founded on how personality develops
Maslow’s Growth Theory
Focus on what we don’t have
Growth Orientation
Focus on what they have
Peak Experience
Focus on fullest potential
Roger’s Person Centered Theory
self develops as children, distinguish between me and not me
Congruence
self concept is consistent with actual experience
Incongruence
self concept is inconsistent with actual experience
Collectivist Culture
people might define themselves in terms of social responsibility
Individualistic Culture
people might define themselves in terms of traits that define them from others
Social Cognitive Theory
we learn via observation, behavior is directed towards certain goals
Modeling
If you witness something, you are more likely to imitate it
Self Control
ability to control one’s actions
Self Regulation
Consistent and appropriate actions
Self-Efficacy
preparedness for tasks
Triadic Reciprocal Causation Model
interactions between person, behavior, and environment
Eysenck Psychoticism
aggressive, impulsive, antisocial
Eysenck Extraversion
performance enhanced by social interaction
Eysenck Introversion
performance enhanced by work/keeping to oneself
Eysenck Neuroticism
high levels of negative effect such as anxiety, irritability, and depression
Reticular Activating System
regulates consciousness; underactive → ADHD
OCEAN Model: Openness
open minded, imaginative and insightful a person is or can be
Ocean Model: Conscientiousness
a tendency to be organized and dependable, to show self discipline, to aim for achievement, and to prefer planned or spontaneous behavior
Ocean Model: Extraversion
talkative, energetic, assertive, outgoing
Ocean Model: Agreeableness
kind, sympathetic, cooperative, warm, frank, considerate
Ocean Model: Neuroticism
experience negative affects including anger, anxiety, self consciousness, irritability, emotional instability, depression
Rorschach Ink Blot Test
projective psychological test in which subjects perceptions of ink blots are recorded and then analyzed using psychological interpretation, complex algorithms or both
Thematic Apperception Test
a widely used perception test for the assessment of children and adult
MMPI
used to test individuals who are suspected of having mental health issues
NEO-PI
ocean model
Deficiency Orientation
occurs when people are preoccupied with meeting needs for what they don’t have
Classifying Disorders
normal to abnormal continuum (normal, mild, moderate, psych disorder, severe psych disorder)
Biological Perspective
Physical Causes (genetics, neurotransmitters)
Psychological Perspective
caused by internal factors mixed with external environment
Sociocultural Perspective
abnormal behavior develops within a certain social context and must be treated accordingly to that social context
Biopsychosocial Perspective
abnormal behavior develops from a number of different factors
ADHD
inattentive, hyperactive, or a combination
Overexcitabilities
Gifted
Autism Spectrum Disorders
impaired social interactions, lack of social reciprocity, repetitive behaviors (level 1, 2, and 3)
Autism Causes
Mostly Unknown, possibly teratogens, paternal age or genes
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Defiant and Hostile Behavior towards peers, parents, and other authority figures
Conduct Disorder
violation of age appropriate societal norms and rules
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
excessive worry about a number of events with no identifiable cause
Panic Disorder
person has reoccurring abrupt experiences of unexpected intense fear accompanied by physical symptoms
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Obsessions: involuntary, irrational thoughts that occur repeatedly
Compulsion: an action a person feels compelled to do
Hoarding Disorder
extreme persistent difficulty disregarding possessions, causes distress and impairments in functioning
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
results from exposure to one traumatic event during which one feels hopelessness or fear
Complex Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
PTSD from ongoing traumatic events
Dissociative Amnesia
sudden loss of memory
Dissociative Identity Disorder
two or more distinct personalities that are unaware of one another
Somatic Symptom Disorders
involves physical complaints for which there is no apparent physical cause
Major Depressive Disorder
excessive sadness, loss of interest, changes in sleep, etc.
Causes of Affective Mood Disorders
genetics, neurotransmitters, brain structures, drug/alcohol use, psychological factors, sociocultural factors
Schizophrenia
psychotic symptoms, changes in mood, perception, thought, decline in social and occupational areas
Premorbid Adjustment
the ability of a person to make social and intimate relationships as well as their academic achievements before the onset of psychotic symptoms
Loose Associations
lack of connections between areas
Ideas of Reference
false beliefs that random or irrelevant occurrences in the world directly relate to oneself
Paranoid Schizophrenia
delusions and frequent auditory hallucinations
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