respiratorysystemppt

What is the primary function of the respiratory tract?

Allows oxygen from air to enter the blood and CO2 from the blood to exit into the air.

What is the difference between inspiration and expiration?

Inspiration (inhalation) is breathing in, while expiration (exhalation) is breathing out.

What does ventilation include?

Ventilation includes both inspiration and expiration.

What is external respiration?

The exchange of gases (CO2 and O2) between air and blood.

What is internal respiration?

The exchange of gases between blood and tissue fluid.

How is the air cleansed before reaching the lungs?

Air is cleansed by coarse hairs in the nostrils, cilia, and mucus in the nasal cavity.

What separates the nasal cavities?

The septum, which is composed of cartilage and bone.

What are tonsils and their function?

Tonsils are lymphatic tissues containing lymphocytes that protect against inhaled bacteria and viruses.

What is the role of the vocal cords?

The vocal cords vibrate to produce sound when air is expelled through the glottis.

What does the diaphragm do during inspiration?

The diaphragm contracts and lowers, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity.

What is tidal volume?

The amount of air that moves in and out with each breath, approximately 500 mL.

What is vital capacity?

The maximum amount of air that can be moved in plus the maximum amount that can be moved out in a single breath.

What percentage of tidal volume reaches the alveoli?

In average adults, only 70% of tidal volume actually reaches the alveoli.

What is residual volume?

The volume of air that remains in the lungs even after exhalation.

What happens during gas exchange in the alveoli?

Oxygen diffuses into the blood while carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood to the alveoli.

What prevents the alveoli from closing?

Surfactant, which lowers surface tension and prevents alveoli from collapsing.

What occurs during hyperventilation?

The blood has fewer H+ ions, leading to alkalosis (high blood pH).

How does carbon dioxide primarily travel in the blood?

Most CO2 is carried as bicarbonate ions (HCO3-).

What is the role of chemoreceptors in the respiratory process?

Chemoreceptors detect levels of O2 and CO2 in the blood, influencing the rate and depth of breathing.

What is Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome?

A condition in newborns due to the lack of surfactant, treated by surfactant replacement therapy.