L18 pyruvate dehydrogenase complex PDH

fast vs slow twitch

slow twitch have abundant mitochondria, fast twitch have few in the muscle to fast reactions depending on oxygen to help reactions

how is pyruvate transported into the mitochondria

comes from glycolysis, imported by a mitochondrial pyruvate carrier MPC to make acetyl CoA

what is the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

an oxidative decarboxylation reaction to convert pyruvate to acetyl CoA

what does the E1 pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme do

decarboxylates (CO2 lost) pyruvate to yield hydroxyethyl-TPP

what is the cofactor of E1 pyruvate dehydrogenase

thiamine pyrophosphate

what does the E2 enzyme dihydrolipoamide transacetylase do

accepts the hydroxyethyl group from TPP, oxidizes acetyl group and reduces lipoamide cofactor, CoA substrate accepts acetyl group from lipoamide

what does the E3 enzyme dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase do

FAD accepts electrons from reduced lipoamide to yield FADH2 (lipoamide enzyme regenerated for cycle continuation), NAD+ accepts electrons from reduced FADH2, get NADH to carry electrons to the ETC

what is hydroxylation

signal to degrade HIF-1 during normal O2 levels, O2 required to get hydroxyproline

how does the HIF-1 transcription factor affect the PDH

produce more PDH kinase, inhibiting acetyl coA production, more lactic acid produced