Organic chemistry reactions and conditions
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32 Terms
Alkene to alkane
H2(g), Nickle catalyst, approximately 150oC
Alkene to alcohol
H2O (g), H3PO4 catalyst
Alkane to haloalkane
Halogen (X2), UV light, heat
Haloalkane to alcohol
NaOH (aq), heat under reflux
Haloalkane to nitrile
NaCN or KCN (ethanolic), heat under reflux
Alkene to haloalkane
Hydrogen halide (HX)
Alkene to dihaloalkane
Halogen molecule (X2)
Primary alcohol to aldehyde
Acidified dichromate ions (Cr2O72-/H+), heat and distil immediately
Primary alcohol to carboxylic acid
Acidified dichromate ions (Cr2O72-/H+), heat under reflux
Aldehyde to carboxylic acid
Acidified dichromate ions (Cr2O72-/H+), heat under reflux
Secondary alcohol to ketone
Acidified dichromate ions (Cr2O72-/H+), heat under reflux
Alcohol to haloalkane
Concentrated H2SO4, sodium halide (NaX), warm temperature for distillation
Alcohol to alkene
Heat, acid catalyst (H3PO4/H2SO4)
Aldehyde to primary alcohol
NaBH4
Ketone to secondary alcohol
NaBH4 (Not aldehyde to primary alcohol)
Aldehyde/Ketone to hydroxynitrile
Acidified NaCN (normally H2SO4)
Carboxylic acid and alcohol to ester
Heat under reflux, concentrated H2SO4 catalyst
Ester to carboxylic acid and alcohol (acid hydrolysis) or carboxylate ion and alcohol (alkaline hydrolysis)
Warm, aqueous (dilute acid/alkali)
Carboxylic acid to acyl chloride
Neat (pure liquid) SOCl2
Acyl chloride to carboxylic acid
H2O
Acyl chloride to ester
Alcohol
Acyl chloride to primary amide
NH3
Acyl chloride to secondary amide
Primary amine (reactant)
Benzene to halobenzene
Halogen molecule (X2), halogen carrier (AlX3/FeX3)
Benzene to aromatic ketone
Acyl chloride, AlCl3 catalyst, warm
Benzene to nitrobenzene
concentrated HNO3 and concentrated H2SO4 catalyst
Benzene to alkylbenzene
Haloalkane, halogen carrier (AlX3) catalyst, warm
Nitrile to primary amine
H2(g), nickel catalyst (not alkene to alkane)
Nitrile to carboxylic acid
Dilute HCl, heat under reflux
Nitrobenzene to aromatic amine
Concentrated HCl and Sn catalyst
Phenol to bromophenol
Bromine water (Br2 (aq))
Phenol to nitrophenol
Dilute nitric acid (HNO3)
