3.1.1.1 Water and carbon cycles as natural systems

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14 Terms

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Inputs

Matter/energy is added to the system

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Outputs

Matter/energy leaves the system

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Stores

Matter/energy builds up in the system

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Flows

Matter/energy moves in the system

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Boundaries

Limits to the system

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Open system

System receives inputs and transfers outputs of energy and matter

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Closed system

Only energy can cross the boundary, matter is contained

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Dynamic equilibrium

System where inputs and outputs are balanced

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Positive feedback

Chain of events amplifying the impact of the original event

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Negative feedback

Chain of events nullifying the impacts of the original event

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Examples of positive feedback water cycle

Increased evaporation turns into a greenhouse gas that traps heat and further increases evaporation

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Examples of negative feedback in the water cycle

Increased cloud formation from evaporation reflects solar radiation and causes cooling

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Examples of positive feedback carbon cycle

Permafrost melt, Wildfires, Oceanic warming

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Examples of negative feedback carbon cycle

Increased plant growth, longer growing seasons