IES Vocab

Accuracy

The degree of closeness between a measured or observed value and the true or accepted value. It indicates how correct the data is.

Bar Graph

A graph in which data is represented using rectangular bars of varying lengths, with each bar typically representing a category or group.

Control Group

The group in a controlled experiment that is not exposed to the experimental treatment. It serves as a baseline for comparison.

Controlled Experiment

An experiment in which all variables except the one being tested are kept constant or controlled. This helps in isolating the effect of the independent variable.

Dependent Variable

The variable in an experiment that is observed or measured as it responds to changes in the independent variable.

Experimental Group

The group in a controlled experiment that is exposed to the independent variable or experimental treatment.

Hypothesis

A testable statement or educated guess that explains a phenomenon or makes predictions. It is often the starting point for scientific investigations.

Independent Variable

The variable in an experiment that is manipulated or changed intentionally to observe its effect on the dependent variable.

Line of Best Fit

A straight line drawn on a scatterplot that best represents the trend or relationship between the plotted data points. It is used for making predictions or showing trends in data.

Null Hypothesis

In a statistical hypothesis test, it is a statement that suggests there is no significant difference or effect. Scientists aim to reject the null hypothesis to support their research hypothesis.

Observations

The act of gathering information through your senses or instruments. In science, observations are critical for collecting data and forming hypotheses.

Pie Graph

A circular graph divided into sections (like slices of a pie), where each section represents a proportion or percentage of a whole.

Precision

The degree of consistency or reproducibility in measurements. A precise measurement yields similar results when taken repeatedly.

Qualitative Data

Data that is descriptive and deals with qualities rather than quantities. It is often in the form of words, descriptions, or categories.

Quantitative Data

Data that is expressed in numerical terms and can be measured or counted. It deals with quantities, such as measurements or counts.

Replication

The process of repeating an experiment or study to validate its results. It helps ensure that findings are consistent and not due to chance.

Sample Size

The number of observations or data points collected in a study or experiment. A larger sample size often leads to more reliable results.

Scatterplot

A type of graph used to display individual data points on a two-dimensional plane, often used to show the relationship between two variables.

Scientific Method

A systematic approach used by scientists to investigate the world around them, which typically includes making observations, forming hypotheses, conducting experiments, and drawing conclusions.

Uncertainty

The range of values within which the true value is likely to fall. It represents the margin of error or variation in a measurement.