pray that i get these

Southwestern native cultures

Who / What:
These were Native American societies like the Pueblo, Hopi, and Zuni, living in the American Southwest. They developed sedentary, agricultural lifestyles with irrigation and permanent homes made of adobe or carved into cliffs.

When / Where:
Long before European contact, and still existing during the 1500s–1600s in present-day Arizona and New Mexico.

Why Significant:
They showed that Native societies were complex and advanced before European arrival. Their resistance to colonization (especially the Pueblo Revolt of 1680) challenged Spanish control and forced European powers to rethink how they treated Native peoples

Colonization of North America

Who / What:
This refers to the period when Spain, France, England, and the Netherlands began claiming and settling land across North America, for resources, power, and religion.

When / Where:
From the early 1500s to the late 1700s, across the east coast, Canada, the Mississippi River Valley, and the Southwest.

Why Significant:
It reshaped the continent: Native populations were decimated, rival empires clashed, and settler colonialism laid the foundations for the eventual rise of the Thirteen Colonies and the United States

French & Indian War / Seven Years’ War

Who / What:
A war between Britain and France over territory, especially the Ohio River Valley, with Native tribes involved on both sides.

When / Where:
1754–1763, mostly in eastern North America.

Why Significant:
Britain won, but the cost led to new taxes on the colonies, triggering anger and revolution. It also marked a major shift in Native relations and imperial power

Confederation/ Constitution

Who / What:
The Articles were the first U.S. government (too weak); the Constitution replaced it with a stronger federal system.

When / Where:
Articles: 1781–1789;
Constitution written in 1787, ratified 1789.

Why Significant:
The Articles showed the fear of tyranny but failed to unify the country. The Constitution created the lasting framework of U.S. government with checks and balances and a stronger federal structure

George Washington

Who / What:
Commander of the Continental Army during the Revolution and first President of the U.S.

When / Where:
Military leadership: 1775–1783;
Presidency: 1789–1797.

Why Significant:
His leadership helped win the war and set key presidential precedents, like the two-term limitand avoiding foreign entanglements. He was a symbol of unity and republican values

John Adam’s

Who / What:
2nd President of the United States, a Federalist, and a strong advocate for independence. Previously served as Washington’s VP.

When / Where:
President from 1797–1801.

Why Significant:
Led during a time of tension with France (Quasi-War). His signing of the Alien and Sedition Actsmade him unpopular and led to his defeat in 1800. Still, he helped prove that peaceful transfer of power was possible under the Constitution.

Thomas Jefferson

Who / What:
3rd President, author of the Declaration of Independence, and founder of the Democratic-Republican Party.

When / Where:
Wrote the Declaration in 1776; President from 1801–1809.

Why Significant:
Led the Louisiana Purchase and supported limited federal power, but also passed the Embargo Act, which hurt the economy. A major figure in shaping early American democracy and ideals

Native Americans

Pre-1492

Columbus First Voyage

1492

Spanish Colonization

1500

Jamestown Founded

1607

Pilgrim & Mayflower Compact

1620

Transatlantic Trade/slavery expands

1700

Great Awakening

1730-1740

French and Indian war

1754-1763

Stamp act

1765

Townshend acts

1767

Boston massacre

1770

Boston Tea Party

1773

Intolerable acts

1774

Lexington and concord

1775

Declaration of Independence

1776

Articles of confederation

1777-1781

Battle of Yorktown

1781

Constitutional convention

1787

Constitution ratified/ George Washington becomes prez

1789

Bill of rights added to constitution

1791

John Adam’s becomes prez

1797

Rev of 1800

1800

Lousiana purchase

1803

Embargo act

1807

War of 1812

1812-1815

Battle of New Orleans

1815