King - Lab Exam 1

1. What is this?

2. What phylum?

3. Spore location?

4. Autotrophic or heterotrophic?

5. Unicellular or multicellular?

6. Can you identify the thylakoid membrane?

1. Anabaena w.m.

2. Cyanobacteria

3. Along the filament, often adjacent to or between heterocysts

4. Primarily autotrophic, but certain species can also grow heterotrophically under specific conditions

5. Multicellular

1. What is this?

2. What phylum?

3. Spore location?

4. Autotrophic or heterotrophic?

5. Unicellular or multicellular?

6. What are the Charophytes?

7. What are they common in?

1. Chara w.m.

2. Charophyta

3. Female reproductive structure oogonium (or nucule)

4. Autotrophic

5. Multicellular

6. A clade of green algae that are considered to be the closest living relative (sister taxon) of the land plants

7. Freshwater streams and ponds, as well as in estuaries

1. What is this?

2. What phylum?

3. Spore location?

4. Autotrophic or heterotrophic?

5. Unicellular or multicellular?

6. What supergroup is it in and where is it commonly found?

7. Can you identify the spiral-shaped chloroplasts?

1. Spirogyra w.m.

2. Charophyta

3. Inside the swollen female gametangium (cell) of the filament following conjugation

4. Autotrophic

5. Multicellular

6. In the supergroup Archaeplastida and is commonly found in lakes and ponds

1. What is this?

2. What phylum?

3. Spore location?

4. Autotrophic or heterotrophic?

5. Unicellular or multicellular?

6. What supergroup is it in and where is it found?

7. What is the “wall” of its colony composed of?

8. How many flagella does each cell have?

1. Volvox

2. Chlorophyta

3. Within the cavity of the maternal (parent) colony

4. Autotrophic

5. Multicellular

6. In the supergroup Archaeplastida and is found in freshwater ponds, ditches, etc

7. The “wall” of its colony is composed of hundreds of cells, connected by cytoplasmic strands, embedded in a gelatinous matrix.

8. 2

1. What is this?

2. What phylum?

3. Spore location?

4. What group?

5. Autotrophic or heterotrophic?

6. Unicellular or multicellular?

1. Diatoms

2. Bacillariophyta

3. Within the parents cell wall

4. Stramenopila group

5. Autotrophic

6. Unicellular (Each individual diatom exists as a single cell)

Other Info - Golden-brown algae. A photosynthetic protist. Major component of the photosynthetic plankton in both oceans and lakes. They have ornate glass-like cell walls composed of silica; the walls have two parts that fit together like a box

1. What is this?

2. What phylum?

3. Spore location?

4. What species are included?

5. What percentage are marine plankton?

6. Unicellular or multicellular?

7. Can you identify the flagella?

1. Dinoflagellates

2. Dinoflagellata

3. Within the sediment at the bottom of the water column

4. Photosynthetic, mixotrophic, and heterotrophic species

5. 90%

6. Unicellular

Other Info - There are also many freshwater species and some have been found growing in snow. Photosynthetic dinoflagellates are second only to diatoms as primary producers in coastal waters.

1. What is this?

2. What phylum?

3. Spore location?

4. Autotrophic or heterotrophic?

5. Unicellular or multicellular?

6. What did it evolve through?

7. Can you identify the flagella?

1. Euglena

2. Euglenozoa

3. Typically does not produce spores

4. Autotrophic and heterotrophic

5. Unicellular

6. Evolved through secondary endosymbiosis of a green alga, which is now the chloroplast contained within the cytoplasm

Other Info - In sufficient light they can photosynthesize, but if light is unavailable, they can absorb nutrients from their environment or engulf prey. They are part of the Excavates (Excavata).

1. What is this?

2. What phylum?

3. Spore location?

4. Autotrophic or heterotrophic?

5. Unicellular or multicellular?

6. What supergroup?

7. What do they use to move and engulf their food? Can you identify it?

1. Amoeba

2. Amoebozoa

3. In the cytoplasm, often developing from the nucleus and cytoplasm breaking down, or in slime mold, within specialized fruiting bodies (sporangia)

4. Heterotrophic

5. Unicellular

6. Amoebozoans

7. Pseudopodia

1. What is this?

2. What phylum?

3. Spore Location?

4. Autotrophic or heterotrophic?

5. Unicellular or multicellular?

6. What supergroup?

7. What do they use to move and can you identify it?

1. Paramecium

2. Ciliophora

3. Typically does not produce spores

4. Heterotrophic

5. Unicellular

6. Chromalveolates

7. Cilia

1. What is this?

2. Where is the nucleus?

3. Can the “umbrella” cap regrow?

4. Unicellular or multicellular?

1. Acetabularia - Mermaid’s Wine Glass

2. In the rhizoid

3. Yes

4. Unicellular

1. What is this?

2. What is it responsible for?

3. Is it invasive and if so where?

4. Unicellular or multicellular?

1. Enteromorpha - string lettuce

2. Green tides in China

3. Yes, in the United States coastal waters

4. Unicellular

1. What is this?

2. What do some species cause?

3. Are some species edible

4. Unicellular or multicellular?

1. Ulva - Sea lettuce

2. Green tides

3. Yes

4. Multicellular

Other Info - Green leafy marina algae also called sea lettuce

1. What is this?

2. Where does it live?

3. What is Nori

4. Unicellular or multicellular?

1. Rhodophyta - Red Algae

2. Deeper water than green algae

3. Red algae

4. Multicellular

1. What is this?

2. What type of water is it found in?

3. What is it used to make?

4. What can it be made into?

5. What is it sold as?

6. Unicellular or multicellular?

1. Gracilaria - Ogonori

2. Marine

3. Agar

4. Jelly

5. An ornamental for aquariums

6. Multicellular

1. What is this?

2. What type of segments?

3. Unicellular or multicellular?

1. Bossiella - Coral Leaf

2. Has branched jointed segments

3. Multicellular

1. What is this?

2. What type of water is it found in?

3. What can it accumulate?

4. What does the decomposition release?

5. Unicellular or multicellular?

1. Sargassum - Gulf Weed

2. Marine

3. Arsenic and heavy metals

4. Hydrogen sulfide

5. Multicellular

1. What is this?

2. What type of water is it found in?

3. Is it edible?

4. What do many species have potential as?

5. Unicellular or multicellular?

1. Padina - Peacock’s tail

2. Marine

3. Yes

4. Medicine sources

5. Multicellular

1. What is this?

2. What type of water is it found in?

3. Is it edible?

4. What can it accumulate?

5. Unicellular or multicellular?

1. Laminaria - Kelp

2. Marine - cold water only

3. Yes

4. Heavy metals

5. Multicellular

1. What is this?

2. What is the pointer pointing at?

3. Is there any budding?

4. Autotrophic or Heterotrophic

5. Unicellular or multicellular?

1. Yeast

2. Ascus

3. Yes

4. Heterotrophic

5. Unicellular

What is this specimen?

Volvox

1. What is this specimen?

2. What structure does it use for locomotion?

3. Is it an autotroph or heterotroph?

1. Ameoba

2. The pseudopodia

3. Heterotroph

1. What is this specimen?

2. What domain does it belong to?

3. What is unique to its cell wall?

1. Diatoms

2. Eukarya

3. The cell wall contains silica

If you are on either the low or high objective and the specimen is not in focus (the light level is fine) what knob should you adjust?

The fine adjustment knob

You have a specimen that is too large for observation on a slide. What microscope should you use?

The dissecting microscope

When observing a slide on the scanning, low, and hight objective what level of magnification are you seeing?

40x, 100x, and 400x

On what objective should you begin all slide observations?

Scanning

President Camacho wants to test if Brawndo (an electrolyte drink) has what plants crave. President Camacho believes that plants drenched with a lower concentration of Brawndo will grow more than the plants that are drenched with more Brawndo and water. These concentrations range from 100% Brawndo to 100% water. The plants are drenched daily and their growth is measured every month for four months.

1. What is the dependent variable?

2. What is the independent variable?

3. What is the null hypothesis?

1. Plant growth

2. Different concentrations of Brawndo

3. There will not be a difference in the growth of the plants drenched by different concentrations of Brawndo

1. What is this?

2. What is the function?

3. Vascular or non-vascular?

4. Where are these found?

1. Gemmae cups

2. To facilitate asexual reproduction

3. Non-vascular

4. Plants like liverworts and mosses

1. What is this?

2. What is the function?

3. What plants can this be found in?

1. Archegonia

2. Produce, protect, and nourish the female gamete (egg cell) in non-flowering land plants

3. Mosses, ferns, and gymnosperms

1. What is this?

2. What is the function?

1. Antheridia

2. Produce, store, and release male sex cells, known as sperm or antherozoids, in non-flowering plants, fungi, and algae

1. What is this

2. What is the function?

1. Sporophyte

2. Produce haploid spores through meiosis to continue the plant life cycle

What is the pointer pointing at?

Spore-producing structure

1. What organism is this?

2. What is its unique feature?

3. Is it autotrophic or heterotrophic?

1. Spirogyra

2. Spiral chloroplasts

3. Autotrophic

What is this?

Fruiting moss

What is this?

Polytrichum

A -

B -

C -

A - Anthoceros (hornwort)

B - Sporophyte

C - Gametophyte

A -

B -

A - Lycophytes

B - Spore-producing structure

1. What is this organism?

2. What is the pointer pointing at?

3. What is enclosing the answer to question 2?

1. Lycopodium Strobilus

2. Spores

3. Sporangium

What is this?

Horsetail

Other info:

• Ribbed, photosynthetic stems

• Small scale-like leaves, whorled, fused to form toothed sheaths at nodes

• Sporangia borne in terminal strobili

What is this?

Cycads

Other info:

• Seed plant

• Gymnosperm

What is this?

Ginkgo

What is this?

Bald cypress

What is this?

Eudicot: Peace lily

1. What is this?

2. What phylum?

3. Spore location?

4. What type of fungi?

5. What is the hyphae?

6. What is the conidiophores

7. What is the conidia?

1. Aspergillus Conidiophores

2. Ascomycota

3. At the very apex of the structure

4. Sac fungi

5. The long, thread-like strands to the right

6. The individuals stalks that are growing upward out of the main hyphal mesh, ending in a distinct circular head

7. The circular dark balls

1. What is this?

2. What phylum?

3. Spore location?

4. What type of fungi?

5. What is the hyphae?

6. What is the conidiophores

7. What is the conidia?

1. Penicillium

2. Ascomycota

3. At the tips of specialized, brush-like structures called conidiophores

4. Sac fungi

5. The long thread-like vegetative filaments densely packed inside the main dark pink block

6. The stalk-like structures that branch upward or outward from the main hyphae to support the spores. The pointer is pointing directly at this region

7. The asexual reproductive spores that appear as tiny, individual dots or granular specks. Millions of them are densely packed together creating the high concentrated dark-pink center

1. What is this?

2. What phylum?

3. Spore location?

4. What type of fungi?

5. Where is the ascocarp?

6. What is the asci?

7. What is the ascopores?

8. What is the hyphae?

1. Cup Fungus Apothecium Peziza

2. Ascomycota

3. On the inner, concave surface of the cup shaped fruiting body

4. Sac fungi

5. The entire curved structure

6. The long, narrow, parallel tubular sacs

7. The small, oval, dark purple dots

8. The loosely interwoven mesh-like network

1. What is this?

2. What phylum?

3. Spore location?

4. What type of fungi?

5. What is the gills

6. What is the basidia?

7. What is the basidiospores?

1. Coprinus Mushroom

2. Basidiomycota

3. On the gills underneath the cap

4. Club fungi

5. The long, radiating, finger-like vertical flaps extending from the outer edge toward the center.

6. The microscopic, club-shaped reproductive cells lining the entire outer edge/surface of each gill

7. The tiny, darkly stained reproductive spores produced by the basidia

1. What is this?

2. What phylum?

3. Spore location?

4. What type of fungi?

5. What are the pink circles?

6. What are the pink lines?

7. What are the black circles?

8. Which structure is used for asexual reproduction?

9. Which structure is used for sexual reproduction?

1. Rhizopus Combination

2. Zygomycota

3. Inside a black, spherical sac-like structure called the sporangium

4. Zygospore fungi

5. Sporangium

6. Sporangiophore

7. Zygospore

8. Sporangium and sporangiophore

9. Zygospore

1. What is this?

2. What phylum?

3. Spore location?

4. Where is the upper cortex?

5. Where is the middle photosynthetic cells (algal zone)

6. Where is the lower cortex?

1. Lichen Thallus

2. Ascomycota

3. On the upper surface or margin of the thallus

4. The outermost, protective layer located at the very top of the curved thallus strip. It is represented by the thin, prominent dark purple band tracing the outer edge

5. Sit immediately underneath the upper cortex. It appears as a dense row of clustered, tiny circular cells embedded right below that dark purple outer boundary

6. The compact, protective layer forming at the bottom floor of the thallus

1. What is this?

2. What phylum?

3. Spore location?

4. Is this an endomycorrhizae or an ectomycorrhizae?

1. Endotrophic Mycorrhiza

2. Glomeromycota

3. In the soil surrounding the plant roots

4. Endomycorrhizae

What does W.M. mean?

Whole mount

What does C.S. mean?

Cross section

What does L.S. mean?

Longitudinal section

How are things oriented when viewed through the microscope?

Upside down is placed on the stage right side up

Give an example of a genus in each of the following phylum:

• Ascomycota

• Basidiomycota

• Zygomycota

• Ascomycota = Aspergillus, penicillium, or peziza

• Basidiomycota = Coprinus

• Zygomycota = Rhizopus

What is the function of the conidia for members of the Ascomycota?

Asexual reproduction

A lichen is a symbiotic relationship between which organisms?

A fungus, cyanobacteria, and sometimes a green algae

What is unique to a Diatoms cell wall?

It contains silica

Bacteria come in three shapes. What are they?

Coccus (round)

Bacillus (rod)

Spirillum (spiral)

Memory trick:

Zygo =

Asco =

Basidio =

Spores in a bag (sporangium)

Spores in a sac (ascus)

Spores on a club (outside basidium)

What is a null hypothesis?

States no different or no relationship

What is an alternative hypothesis?

States there is a difference or relationship

What is an independent variable?

What you change

What is a dependent variable?

What you measure

What are the controlled variables?

Kept constant

What does the plant give mycorrhizae?

Organic nutrients (sugars)

What does mycorrhizae give the plant?

Inorganic nutrients (like phosphorus, nitrogen)