Cat and Dog Diseases: Endocrinology and Metabolic Topics (Page 98)

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the notes on cat and dog diseases, focusing on endocrinology, nephrology, and metabolic issues.

Large breed puppies - calcium restriction

Limit calcium intake to prevent skeletal abnormalities such as osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) and retained cartilage cores.

Maintenance energy requirement (MER)

Dogs: MER = 30 × BW + 70; Cats: MER = 80 × BW (energy needed for maintenance, typically in kcal/day).

Nyctalopia

Night blindness due to Vitamin A deficiency; retina requires Vitamin A for proper function.

Hypoglycemia in toy-breed dogs

Low blood glucose that can cause lethargy and may lead to status epilepticus after not eating; commonly seen in young toy-breed dogs.

Insulinoma (beta cell tumor)

Pancreatic beta-cell tumor causing hypoglycemia.

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Primary liver cancer that can contribute to hypoglycemia.

Ectopic ureter

Congenital urinary tract abnormality causing incontinence; often has unremarkable abdominal radiographs and requires advanced imaging for diagnosis.

Diagnostic workup for ectopic ureter

Abdominal contrast CT, cystoscopy, abdominal ultrasound, excretory urogram, and vaginourethrography to diagnose ectopic ureter.

Amyloidosis in Shar-Pei

Amyloid deposition in kidneys is common in Shar-Pei; kidneys appear waxy, grayish, and enlarged; presents with lethargy, PU/PD, decreased appetite, and proteinuria.

Nephrotic syndrome signs

Four signs: proteinuria, hypercholesterolemia, edema/ascites, and hypoproteinemia.

ACE inhibitors (Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors)

Medications that decrease proteinuria and help manage nephrotic syndrome and glomerular disease.

Fanconi syndrome

Proximal renal tubular disease; notably seen in Basenjis (basenjis predisposed).

Copper toxicosis in Bedlington Terriers

Copper accumulation in the liver leading to liver failure signs in Bedlington Terriers.

Bile peritonitis diagnostic criterion

Bile peritonitis is diagnosed when bilirubin concentration in peritoneal fluid is at least twice the serum bilirubin.

Hyperthyroidism in cats

Common in cats 8 years and older; active hormone is T3; T4 enters cells and is converted to T3; cause often adenomatous hyperplasia; diagnosis starts with serum T4, with free T4 testing if needed and adjunct imaging.

T3, T4, and reverse T3 concepts

Active form is T3; T4 is converted to T3 inside cells; reverse T3 is produced during illness and can affect interpretation of thyroid tests.

Free T4 by equilibrium dialysis

A test that measures unbound free T4 when total T4 is equivocal or normal but suspicion of hyperthyroidism remains.

Thyroid scintigraphy

Nuclear medicine imaging to assess thyroid gland function and activity.

Methimazole side effects

Initial treatment for feline hyperthyroidism; potential side effects include extreme facial pruritus with excoriations.

Pre-treatment evaluation for feline hyperthyroidism

Assessment of renal and liver function before starting methimazole, since hyperthyroidism can mask renal disease and methimazole can be hepatotoxic.