Exam 1

What is kinesiology?

The study of motion or human movement.

What does anatomical kinesiology focus on?

The study of musculoskeletal and musculotendinous systems.

Define structural kinesiology.

Focus on muscles involved in movement.

What is the anatomical position?

Upright, facing forward, feet parallel, palms forward.

What is the fundamental position?

Similar to anatomical position but with palms facing the body.

What does 'inferior' refer to in directional terminology?

Below a structure.

What does 'medial' mean?

Toward the midline.

Define femoral anteversion.

Inward toe orientation.

What is kyphosis?

A curvature variation of the spine.

What movement is associated with the sagittal plane?

Flexion and extension.

How many bones are in the axial division of the skeleton?

80 bones.

What type of bone is the humerus classified as?

Long bone.

What is Wolff’s Law?

Bones remodel under stress.

What is a synovial joint?

A freely movable joint (e.g., hinge, ball and socket).

What are the two main types of physiological movements?

Flexion and extension.

What is the role of agonist muscles?

They act as the prime mover in a muscle contraction.

What does the olfactory cranial nerve control?

Smell.

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

31 pairs.

Define proprioception.

Subconscious posture control.

What are the three classes of levers in biomechanics?

First-Class, Second-Class, and Third-Class levers.

What is static equilibrium?

Body at rest.

What factors contribute to stability?

Large base of support, low center of gravity, increased body weight, friction.