Introduction to Psychology: Intelligence

Normal Intelligence Curve

bell curve

100

Average on an IQ test (C)

What is the average the population will fall between

2/3s of population will fall between 85-115

Mental Retardation

IQ below 70

Difficulty in everyday life

Mild Retardation

IQ between 55-70

Majority, 85%, High functioning

6th grade level --Function & Intelligence--

Moderate Retardation

IQ between 40-54

10%

2nd grade level

Severe Retardation

IQ between 25-39

3%

No grade level, basic needs with supervision

Profound Retardation

IQ below 25

less than 1%

cannot take care of basic needs, non-verbal, stereotypical

Organic Retardation

Organicity

(Brain damage)

Person is born with genetic disorder

lower levels

Cultural-Familial Retardation

To a large extent, intelligence is inherited

Very poor (Majority of people considered mild)

struggle through high school

Familial

Parents pass off 'not so smart' genetics to children

Giftedness

First used by American Psychologist Lewis Terman

IQ of 130 of higher

2% is considered this

adopted test used in France by Alfred Binet

Alfred Binet

1904-1957

Schoolchildren vs Non-school Children

school children vs Non-school Children

Devised series of questions for each group

If mental age was lower than chronological age, they didn't think they would succeed in school

Renamed the Standford-Binet Test

Longitudinal Study

Terman's Termites

Tested to see if talented people had emotional problems

Gifted people have fewer problems are better adjusted.

Achievement Tests

Noting how much you have learned

Aptitude Tests

Predict how well you will learn

ACT

Early IQ tests were culturally based for

-The Rich

-White

-Urban

Wechsler Tests (Intelligence Quotient)

Developed by William Stern

3 different scores

-verbal

-performance

-overall

Howard Gardner

9 types of Intelligences (Multiple Intelligence)

Everyone has all 9 intelligences to an extent

Verbal-Linguistic Intelligence

Well-developed verbal skills and sensitivity to the sounds, meanings and rhythms of words

Skills- listening, speaking, writing, teaching

Careers-poet, journalist, writer, teacher, lawyer, politician, translator

Mathematical-Logical Intelligence

Ability to think conceptually and abstractly, and capacity to discern logical of numerical patterns.

Skills- Problem solving, performing experiments

Careers- scientists, engineers, accountants, mathematicians

Musical Intelligence

Ability to produce and appreciate rhythm, pitch and timber

Skill- singing, playing instruments, composing music.

Careers- musician, disc jockey, singer, composer

Visual-Spatial Intelligence

capacity to think in images an pictures, ti visualize accurately and abstractly

Skills- puzzle building, painting, constructing, fixing, designing objects

Careers- sculptor, artist, inventor, architect, mechanic, engineer

Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence

Ability to control one's body movements and handle object skillfully

Skills- Dancing, sports, hands on experiments, acting

Careers- Athlete, Physical Education teacher, dancer, actor, firefighter.

Interpersonal Intelligence

Capacity to detect and respond appropriately to the moods, motivations and desires of others.

Skills- seeing from other perspectives, empathy, counseling, co-operating

Careers- Counselor, salesperson, politician, business person, minister

Intrapersonal Intelligence

Capacity to be self-aware and in tune with inner feelings, values, beliefs and thinking processes

Skills- Recognize one's self worth, reflective, aware of inner feelings

Careers- researchers, theorists, philosophers

Naturalist Intelligence

Ability to recognize and cateforize plants, animals and other objects in nature.

Skills- Recognize one's connection to nature, apply science theory to life

Careers- Scientist, naturalist, landscape, architect

Existential Intelligence

Sensitivity and capacity to tackle deep questions avout human existence, such as the meaning of life, why do we die, and how did we get here.

Skills- Reflectice and deep thinking, design abstract theories

Careers- Scientist, Philosopher, theologian.