functional groups of organic compounds

Alkane

All C—C bonds are single

Alkene

Contains C—C double bonds

Alkyne

Contains C—C triple bonds

Aromatic

Planar, ring structures based on benzene; can contain heteroatoms (elements in an organic compound other than C and H)
-alternates single & double bonds

Alcohol

Carbon bonded to OH with different ratios of R (Rest of compound)

Phenol

Combination of aromatic and alcohol functional groups

Ether

Oxygen bonded with things on each side

Thiol

Sulfur bonded to hydrogen and something else

Sulfide (thioether)

Sulfur bonded with things on both sides

Disulfide

Two single bonded sulfurs with things on both sides

Phoshate

Phosphorus w/ single bonds to 3 oxygens and one double to an additional oxygen. Single bonded oxygens are charged

Amines

Nitrogen bonded to hydrogen and something else. Some are just nitrogen bonded to something else

Protonated amines

Amines under normal physiological conditions; Nitrogen has 4 bonds & a + charge
-these are always attached to the end of amino acids

Carbonyl

Carbon double bonded to Oxygen

Acetyl

Carbon bonded to CH3 (contains a carbonyl group)

Aldehyde

Carbon bonded to hydrogen (contains a carbonyl group)

Ketone

Two groups of things bonded on both sides of carbon (contains a carbonyl group)

Carboxylic acid

Carbon bonded to OH (contains a carbonyl group)

Carboxylate

Carbon bonded to a charged oxygen (contains a carbonyl group)
-other end of an amino acid

Ester

Carbon bonded to oxygen and other stuff (contains a carbonyl group)

Amide

Carbon bonded to nitrogen w/ different amounts of R groups (contains a carbonyl group)