A and P module 1

this set covers the basic cell organelles and functions, along with body cavities, covent, and location terms

Epithelial tissue

Covers body surfaces and lines body cavities

muscle tissue

enable us to move

Connective tissue

offer Support and protection

Nervous tissue

communication by electrical impulses

integumentary system

Skin, fat, pain and pressure sensors, hair and sweat

skeletal system

bones, body framework, Potection

muscular system

allows for movement, attach to bones

Nervous system

provides internal communication

digestive system

breaks down food for nutrients

Endocrine system

glands to make hormones

Cardiovascular system

blood vessels to move blood, oxygen, a nutrients

Lymphatic system

vessels a nodes for impunity

Respiratory system

lungs used in breathing

Urinary system

Kidneys used in waste excretion

Reproductive system

used in creating life

Superior/cranial

Toward the head a upper Part

Inferior/caudal

away from head or lower Part

Ventral/anterior

toward or at the front

dorsal/posterior

toward or at the back + medial

Medial

toward or at the middle

lateral

away from the middle

intermediate

between medial and lateral

proximal

close to the origin or point of attachment

distal

away from origin or point of attachment

Superficial

towed or at the body surface

deep

away from boor surface

flexion

closing of a joint

extension

opening of a joint

abduction

movement away from midline

adduction

movement towards midline

dorsiflexion

flexion superiorly at the ankle

Plantar Flexion

flexion inferiorly at the ankle

Radial deviation

lateral movement of wrist towards radius

Ulnar deviation

medial movement of wrist towards ulna

Pronation

rotation of forearm so palm faces posterior

Supination

rotation of forearm so palm faces anterior

axial part

includes head, neck, and trunk

appendicular part

includes limbs, pelvis, and pectorals

Sagittal plane

a vertical cut into left and right

frontal plane

a vertical cut into front and back

Transverse plane

horizontal cut into top and botton

dorsal cavity

protects the nervous system organs

cranial cavity

houses the brain

spinal cavity

vertebral column encasing spinal cord

Ventral Cavity

houses the visceral organs

Thoracic cavity

Top half housing lungs and heart

abdominopelvic cavity

lower half

abdominal cavity

superior portion with stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver

Pelvic cavity

inferior portion with bladder and reproductive organs

Serosa

membrane lubricated with Serous fluid to reduce friction between organs as they move

Oral cavity

houses mouth, teeth, and tongue

Nasal Cavity

within and posterior to the nose, part of the respiratory tract

Orbital Cavity

within the skull and houses the eyes

Middle car cavities

are within the skull, containing tiny bones

Synovial Cavities

lay within joints, in fibrous capsules, make a lubricant

Prokaryotes

bacteria cells with minimal organelles, small size, and no DNA in a neucleus

Prokaryotes organs

a plasma membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm, cell wall, Pili, and flagellum

Eukaryotes

animal and plant cells are much more complex and larger

Eukaryotes include

a nuclear membrane and many membrane bound organelles

nucleus

contains DNA, surrounded by a nuclear membrane.

nucleolus

Where RNA is synthesized

Ribosomes

assemble proteins, contain IRNA

Rough ER

contains ribosomes, transportation

Smooth ER

synthesizes lipids

cytoplasm

fluid in the cell

Golgi apparatus

receives lipids and proteins to transport in vesicles and produces lysosomes to breakdown biomacromolecules

mitochondria

converts energy to ATP

Cytoskeleton

provide structural Support and movement

microtubules

hollow cylinders used For chromosome movement

Centrioles

sets of tubules used in microtubule assembly

microfilaments

Flexible, solid fibers of polymer chains for movement

cell coat

carbohydrate chains from proteins for communication

cell wall

in Plant and bacteria cells, gives strength and support

Amphipathic Phospholipids

are arranged into an bi

Integral Proteins

inside the membrane

peripheral Proteins

on the inner or outer membrane surfaces

diffusion

moving from high to low concentration

Osmosis

diffusion of water

Isotonic

balanced concentrations

hypertonic

has too many solute particles and will cause the cell to lose water

hypotonic

has too few solute particles and will cause the cell to gain water.

facilitated diffusion

diffusion of lipid insoluble molecules across a membrane

Active transport

molecules or ions are pumped from a high to low concentration, needs energy

Sodium potassium pump

maintains an electrical imbalance

Endocytosis and exocytosis

for very large biomacromolecules

exocytosis

a biomacromolecule is enclosed in a vesicle, and transported out the cell membrane

Endocytosis

a biomacromolecule enclosed in the cell membrane, then a vesicle to brought in

Phagocytosis

for extremely large items, such us other cells

Pinocytosis

for tiny fluid droplets

receptor mediated

for cell to cell transferring of information