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this set covers the basic cell organelles and functions, along with body cavities, covent, and location terms
Epithelial tissue
Covers body surfaces and lines body cavities
muscle tissue
enable us to move
Connective tissue
offer Support and protection
Nervous tissue
communication by electrical impulses
integumentary system
Skin, fat, pain and pressure sensors, hair and sweat
skeletal system
bones, body framework, Potection
muscular system
allows for movement, attach to bones
Nervous system
provides internal communication
digestive system
breaks down food for nutrients
Endocrine system
glands to make hormones
Cardiovascular system
blood vessels to move blood, oxygen, a nutrients
Lymphatic system
vessels a nodes for impunity
Respiratory system
lungs used in breathing
Urinary system
Kidneys used in waste excretion
Reproductive system
used in creating life
Superior/cranial
Toward the head a upper Part
Inferior/caudal
away from head or lower Part
Ventral/anterior
toward or at the front
dorsal/posterior
toward or at the back + medial
Medial
toward or at the middle
lateral
away from the middle
intermediate
between medial and lateral
proximal
close to the origin or point of attachment
distal
away from origin or point of attachment
Superficial
towed or at the body surface
deep
away from boor surface
flexion
closing of a joint
extension
opening of a joint
abduction
movement away from midline
adduction
movement towards midline
dorsiflexion
flexion superiorly at the ankle
Plantar Flexion
flexion inferiorly at the ankle
Radial deviation
lateral movement of wrist towards radius
Ulnar deviation
medial movement of wrist towards ulna
Pronation
rotation of forearm so palm faces posterior
Supination
rotation of forearm so palm faces anterior
axial part
includes head, neck, and trunk
appendicular part
includes limbs, pelvis, and pectorals
Sagittal plane
a vertical cut into left and right
frontal plane
a vertical cut into front and back
Transverse plane
horizontal cut into top and botton
dorsal cavity
protects the nervous system organs
cranial cavity
houses the brain
spinal cavity
vertebral column encasing spinal cord
Ventral Cavity
houses the visceral organs
Thoracic cavity
Top half housing lungs and heart
abdominopelvic cavity
lower half
abdominal cavity
superior portion with stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver
Pelvic cavity
inferior portion with bladder and reproductive organs
Serosa
membrane lubricated with Serous fluid to reduce friction between organs as they move
Oral cavity
houses mouth, teeth, and tongue
Nasal Cavity
within and posterior to the nose, part of the respiratory tract
Orbital Cavity
within the skull and houses the eyes
Middle car cavities
are within the skull, containing tiny bones
Synovial Cavities
lay within joints, in fibrous capsules, make a lubricant
Prokaryotes
bacteria cells with minimal organelles, small size, and no DNA in a neucleus
Prokaryotes organs
a plasma membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm, cell wall, Pili, and flagellum
Eukaryotes
animal and plant cells are much more complex and larger
Eukaryotes include
a nuclear membrane and many membrane bound organelles
nucleus
contains DNA, surrounded by a nuclear membrane.
nucleolus
Where RNA is synthesized
Ribosomes
assemble proteins, contain IRNA
Rough ER
contains ribosomes, transportation
Smooth ER
synthesizes lipids
cytoplasm
fluid in the cell
Golgi apparatus
receives lipids and proteins to transport in vesicles and produces lysosomes to breakdown biomacromolecules
mitochondria
converts energy to ATP
Cytoskeleton
provide structural Support and movement
microtubules
hollow cylinders used For chromosome movement
Centrioles
sets of tubules used in microtubule assembly
microfilaments
Flexible, solid fibers of polymer chains for movement
cell coat
carbohydrate chains from proteins for communication
cell wall
in Plant and bacteria cells, gives strength and support
Amphipathic Phospholipids
are arranged into an bi
Integral Proteins
inside the membrane
peripheral Proteins
on the inner or outer membrane surfaces
diffusion
moving from high to low concentration
Osmosis
diffusion of water
Isotonic
balanced concentrations
hypertonic
has too many solute particles and will cause the cell to lose water
hypotonic
has too few solute particles and will cause the cell to gain water.
facilitated diffusion
diffusion of lipid insoluble molecules across a membrane
Active transport
molecules or ions are pumped from a high to low concentration, needs energy
Sodium potassium pump
maintains an electrical imbalance
Endocytosis and exocytosis
for very large biomacromolecules
exocytosis
a biomacromolecule is enclosed in a vesicle, and transported out the cell membrane
Endocytosis
a biomacromolecule enclosed in the cell membrane, then a vesicle to brought in
Phagocytosis
for extremely large items, such us other cells
Pinocytosis
for tiny fluid droplets
receptor mediated
for cell to cell transferring of information
