QUIZ 1 CNU 503

What are macronutrients?

Nutrients needed in large amounts that provide energy: carbohydrates, proteins, fats.

What are micronutrients?

A: Nutrients needed in small amounts: vitamins and minerals.

List the essential macronutrients and give healthful examples.

• Carbohydrates: fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes

• Proteins: lean meats, fish, dairy, beans, tofu

• Fats: nuts, seeds, avocados, olive oil, fatty fish

: What must appear on a U.S. food label?

• Statement of identity

• Net contents

• Nutrition Facts Panel

• Ingredient list

• Allergen declarations

• Manufacturer/distributor name & address

Define “Calorie free.”

< 5 kcal per serving.

Define “Low fat

≤ 3 g fat per serving.

Define “Reduced.”

≥ 25% less of a nutrient than reference food

Define “High / Excellent source.”

≥ 20% DV.

Define “Good source.”

10–19% DV.

Define “Organic.”

Meets USDA organic standards; no synthetic pesticides/fertilizers.

What is a nutrient content claim?

Describes the level of a nutrient (e.g., low sodium, high fiber).

What is a health claim?

Links a nutrient/food to a disease risk reduction; FDA‑authorized.

What is a structure/function claim?

Describes normal body function support (e.g., “supports immunity”).

What is a qualified health claim?

Allowed with limited evidence; must include qualifying language.

What does DRI stand for?

Dietary Reference Intakes — evidence‑based nutrient recommendations.

Define EAR.

Estimated Average Requirement — meets needs of 50% of a population.

When is EAR used?

Population-level assessment.

Define RDA.

Recommended Dietary Allowance — meets needs of 97–98% of individuals.

When is RDA used?

Individual counseling.

Define AI.

Adequate Intake — used when no RDA exists; based on observed intakes.

When is AI used?

For individuals when RDA is unavailable.

Define UL.

Tolerable Upper Intake Level — highest safe intake without toxicity.

When is UL used?

Preventing excessive intake.

Define AMDR.

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range — % of calories from carbs, protein, fat.

When is AMDR used?

Diet planning and macronutrient balance.

Define CDRR.

Chronic Disease Risk Reduction Intake — intake level shown to reduce chronic disease risk.

What nutrient currently has a CDRR?

Sodium.

Statement of identity

The name of the food — tells consumers exactly what the product is (e.g., “whole wheat bread,” “Greek yogurt”).

Net contents

The amount of food in the package, expressed by weight, volume, or count (e.g., “454 g,” “1 quart,” “12 cookies”).

Nutrition Facts Panel

A standardized box listing calories, macronutrients, micronutrients, and % Daily Values per serving. Required on nearly all packaged foods.

Ingredient list

A list of all ingredients in descending order by weight, showing what the product is made of.

Allergen declarations

Mandatory statements identifying any of the major 9 allergens: milk, eggs, fish, shellfish, tree nuts, peanuts, wheat, soy, sesame.

Manufacturer/distributor name & address

Identifies who made, packed, or distributed the product and provides a location for consumer contact.