Key Figures and Events in Period 4 APUSH

Thomas Jefferson

Election of 1800, Louisiana Purchase, reduced military/federal power (but kinda didn't)

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Judicial review → Supreme Court gains real power

John Marshall

Federalist Supreme Court justice, expanded federal power (McCulloch v. Maryland, Gibbons v. Ogden)

Louisiana Purchase (1803)

Doubled U.S. territory, Jefferson switches from strict → loose construction

Embargo Act (1807)

Cut off trade → hurt U.S. economy badly, especially New England

War of 1812

U.S. vs. Britain again, no real winner, but nationalism ↑ after

Hartford Convention

Federalists look disloyal → party dies out

Era of Good Feelings

One-party rule (Dem-Reps), nationalism, but under the surface: sectionalism

Henry Clay

American System = tariffs + bank + internal improvements

Market Revolution

Railroads, canals, factories, telegraph, cotton gin → economic transformation

Lowell System

Young women in textile mills = early industrial labor system

Second Great Awakening

Religious revival → reform movements (temperance, abolition, women's rights)

Cult of Domesticity

Women = moral guardians of the home → gender roles tighten

Seneca Falls Convention (1848)

Women's rights, "All men and women are created equal"

Andrew Jackson

Spoils system, Indian Removal, Bank War, veto king, loved by the "common man"

Worcester v. Georgia (1832)

Supreme Court ruled in favor of Cherokee → Jackson ignored it

Nullification Crisis

South Carolina vs. tariffs → states' rights vs. federal power

Whigs vs. Democrats

Whigs = Clay, American System; Democrats = Jackson, limited gov

Second Party System

Whigs vs. Dems replace Dem-Reps vs. Feds

Transcendentalists (Thoreau, Emerson)

Nature, self-reliance, civil disobedience