World History: Comprehensive Review Flashcards (Agricultural Revolution to Americas)

Flashcards covering topics from the Agricultural Revolution, migration, early civilizations, Test 2 (Ancient Kingdoms & Religions), Test 3 (Fall of Rome, Islam, & Asia), and Test 4 (Americas & Global Themes), including MCQs, True/False, and Matching concepts.

What makes studying early agricultural societies difficult?

Lack of written records.

Where was farming once believed to have originated?

Middle East (Jericho/Mesopotamia).

According to recent theories, humans as a species began where?

Southern Africa.

When did modern humans likely leave Africa?

80,000-100,000 years ago.

What displaced animal and human populations during the last ice age?

Glaciation.

How did agriculture likely begin?

Favoring plants, weeding, planting seeds from rubbish.

What region is associated with wheat discovery?

Fertile Crescent.

When did Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations rise?

6,000-5,000 years ago.

What allowed sedentary cultures to develop?

Agriculture and work specialization.

What crop was cultivated in flooded fields called paddies?

Rice.

Humans displaced which species in Europe and Asia?

Neanderthals and Denisovans.

Where did hunter-gatherers leave traces 80,000-50,000 years ago?

North of Black Sea.

What made finding plant evidence difficult?

Plants decay quickly.

What enabled migration to the Americas?

Ice age land bridge.

What is horticulture?

Part-time farming/planting favorites.

Which staple crops were developed in the Americas?

Corn, potatoes, cassava.

What factor was key in human development cycles?

Glaciation.

Why parallel farming development worldwide?

Independent inventions.

When did the last ice age end?

11,000 years ago.

What crisis happened 150,000 years ago?

Population crisis.

Historians rely only on written records for prehistoric periods.

False.

Science has changed our understanding of prehistory abruptly.

True.

Farming was credited to modern Europeans' ancestors in old theories.

True.

Plant materials preserve better than stone tools in archaeology.

False.

Modern humans were the first hominins to leave Africa.

False.

Hunter-gatherers lived sedentary lives.

False.

Climate changed rapidly in ancient times.

True.

Seeds in rubbish heaps helped discover planting.

True.

Wheat led to surpluses in Egypt and Mesopotamia.

True.

Cassava was developed in China.

False.

Sedentary cultures developed governments and art.

True.

Human migrations affect views on race/ethnicity.

True.

Archaeology is not needed for ancient world stories.

False.

Origins of agriculture matter for understanding parallels.

True.

Ice ages displaced only animals, not humans.

False.

Which description matches Agricultural Revolution?

Transition to farming societies.

Which description matches Homo sapiens?

Modern humans from Southern Africa.

Which description matches Neanderthals?

Displaced by Homo sapiens.

Which description matches Black Sea area?

Early human traces 80-50k yrs ago.

Which description matches Fertile Crescent?

Wheat discovery region.

Which description matches Pearl River?

Rice paddies in China.

Which description matches Maize?

From teosinte in Americas.

Which description matches Potatoes?

Andean varieties.

Which description matches Cassava?

Amazon, processed for poison.

Which description matches Glaciation?

Cycle affecting development.

Which description matches Horticulture?

Part-time farming.

Which description matches Sedentary cultures?

Governments, writing, hierarchies.

Which description matches Population crisis?

150k yrs ago.

Which description matches Migration out of Africa?

80-100k yrs ago.

Which description matches Ice age migration?

To Americas.

Americas isolated how long post-ice age?

12,000 years.

Native Americans domesticated what primarily?

Plants (staples).

Top 5 staples today include how many from Americas?

3 (maize, potatoes, cassava).

Maize developed from?

Teosinte grass.

When was maize developed?

9,000 years ago.

Who bred maize in ancient Mexico?

Women farmers.

Potatoes from where?

Andes (Peru/Bolivia).

Cassava requires what?

Poison removal (boiling, drying).

Cassava developed when?

10,000-7,000 years ago.

Meso-American flavors include?

Peppers, beans, tomatoes, chocolate.

Chocolate originally for?

Nobility/currency.

No large animals in Americas mattered because?

Focused on plants.

Women breeding crops significant?

Yes, key innovators.

All regions shared what pre-modern?

Agricultural bases, advanced civilizations.

China's inventions include?

Compass, gunpowder, paper, printing.

Silk Road linked?

China-Europe via central Asia.

Han Empire when?

221 BCE.

Indus Valley cities matured when?

2600 BCE.

Hinduism rooted in?

Vedic period ~2000 BCE.

Buddha from where?

Nepal, 5th BCE.

Constantinople controlled Bosphorus Strait.

True.

Orthodox split from Catholics before 1000 CE.

False.

Germanic tribes fled Huns.

True.

Church spread Christianity in W. Europe post-Rome.

True.

English months all Germanic.

False.

Byzantine used Latin alphabet.

False.

Islam builds on Abraham and Jesus.

True.

Timbuktu Islamic study center via trade.

True.

Indonesia Muslim via conquest only.

False.

Sunnis are 10% of Muslims.

False.

Shi'ites in Iran mostly.

True.

China history recorded from 2000 BCE.

True.

Indus cities had 30-60k pop.

True.

Buddha influenced SE Asia.

True.

Long Walls for protection/expansion.

True.

Which description matches Constantinople?

Byzantine capital.

Which description matches Orthodox Church?

Archbishops equal.

Which description matches Germanic tribes?

Invaded Rome 476 CE.

Which description matches Latin?

Preserved by Church.

Which description matches Cyrillic?

E. Europe alphabet.

Which description matches Muhammad?

Quran, 610 CE.

Which description matches Mecca?

Pilgrimage site.

Which description matches Timbuktu?

Islamic study in Africa.

Which description matches Sunnis?

Majority, effective leaders.

Which description matches Shi'ites?

Prophet's descendants.

Which description matches China empire (historical land)?

221 BCE, dynasties to 1911.

Which description matches Silk Road?

Han, ~200 BCE.

Which description matches Grand Canal?

Sui, connect rivers.

Which description matches Hinduism?

Vedic, gods/stories.

Which description matches Buddha?

Enlightenment, 5th BCE.