neuro 2026 topic 1+2

intro, cells, neural circuitry

neuronal communication happens where?

at synapses

neurons are genetically different from each other and all have a job, those w out a job are what?

stem cells

the motor cortex is responsible for what?

movement

the sensory cortex is responsible for what?

pain, heat, and other sensations

the parietal lobe is responsible for what?

comprehension or language

the temporal lobe is responsible for what?

hearing, intellectual and emotional functions

the occipital lobe is responsible for what?

primary visual areas

wernicke’s area is responsible for what?

speech comprehension

the brainstem is responsible for what?

swallowing, breathing, heartbeat, wakefulness center and other involuntary functions

the frontal lobe is responsible for what?

judgement, foresight, smell, and voluntary movement

brocas area is responsible for what?

speech

the diencephalon consists of what?

everything w thalamus in the name

thalamus, epithalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus

what are the 3 parts of the cerebellum

1. the lateral hemisphere- L and R side of cerebellum

2. vermis- midline portion connecting 2 cerebellar hemispheres

3. 3 paravermis- located between the vermis and lateral hemisphere

what are cerebellar peduncles?

the three pairs of nerve fiber bundles that connect the cerebellum to the brainstem (superior→connects cerebellum to midbrain, middle→connects cerebellum to pons, inferior→ connects cerebellum to medulla)

the superior peduncle connects the cerebellum to what?

the midbrain

the middle peduncle connects the cerebellum to what?

pons

the inferior peduncle connects the cerebellum to what?

medulla

the spinal cord has 3 main columns (aka funiculi)

dorsal column

lateral column

ventral column

the dorsal column of the spinal cord is responsible for what?

fine touch, vibration, proprioception

the lateral column of the spinal cord is responsible for what?

motor and sensory pathways

the ventral column of the spinal cord is responsible for what?

mainly motor w some sensory pathways

columns in the spinal cord are what color matter?

white matter and contain tracts

horns in the spinal cord are what color matter?

gray matter

white matter convey info away or towards cell body

away from cell body

tracts, lemniscus, fasciculus, column, peduncle and capsule are all types pf what?

white matter

nuclei and cortex (ganglia in PNS) are all types of what matter?

gray matter

soma = ?

cell body

dendrites =

branchlike extension that serves as main input that receives info at synapses

axon = ?

process extending from the soma, main output

presynaptic terminal = ?

ends of axons, releases neurotransmitters