Topic 2.5 Interactions Between American Indians and Europe

New England Confederation

• a military alliance formed by the four New England colonies (Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Connecticut, and New Haven) lasting until 1684

• directed by a board of two representatives from each colony

• had limited powers to act on boundary disputes, the return of runaway servants, and dealings with American Indians

Metacom

• chief of the Wampanoag — known to the colonists as King Phillip

• united many tribes in southern New England in response to English settlers encroaching on the American Indian’s land

Metacom’s War (1675-1676)

• a result of some tribes, like the Mohegans and the Pequots, supporting the colonists because of their rivalry with Wampanoag

• colonial forces and their Indian Allies prevailed, killing Metacom and ending most American Indian resistance in New England

Sir William Berkeley

• the royal governor of Virginia (1641-1652; 1660-1677) who used dictatorial powers to govern on behalf of the large planters

• antagonized small farmers on Virginia’s western frontier b/c he couldn’t protect them from Indian attacks

Bacon’s Rebellion

• a rebellion led by Nathaniel Bacon who raised an army of volunteers that resented the control exercised by a few large planters in the Chesapeake area

• a series of raids and massacres were conducted against American Indian villages on the frontier — government forces were defeated and Jamestown was burned

Nathaniel Bacon

• organized the Bacon Rebellion, but died of dysentery which led to the collapse of his rebel army

Pueblo Revolt of 1680

• a revolt that was the result of the aggressive and harsh efforts by the Spain’s Roman Catholic missionaries to convert Native Americans to Christianity

• various tribes of Pueblo Indians, including the Hopi and Zuni, united against the Spanish, driving them from the area until 1692