Unit 2 Vocabulary MHS AP HUGE

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms related to population studies, demographics, and migration, based on the Unit 2 lecture notes.

Population Composition

The makeup of the population by age and sex as well as by ethnic, racial, income, and educational background.

Age Structure

Refers to the breakdown of a population into different age groups or cohorts.

Dependency Ratio

The number of dependents in a population that each 100 working-age people must support.

Youth Dependency Ratio

The number of young dependents in a population that every 100 working-age people must support.

Elderly Dependency Ratio

The number of elderly dependents in a population that every 100 working-age people must support.

Generations

Groups of people who were born around the same time and share common traits due to cultural and societal influences.

Baby Boomers

People born from 1946 to 1964 during the post-World War II uptick in birth rate.

Generation X

People born between 1965 and 1980 and are now in their prime working years.

Generation Y

People born between 1981 and 2000; often referred to as millennials.

Generation Z

People born after the turn of the twenty-first century.

Sex Ratio

The ratio of the number of men to number of women in a population.

Androcentrism

A phenomenon in which a culture shows a marked preference for males.

Infanticide

The practice of killing infants.

Population Pyramid

A graphic device for comparing age and sex structure.

Demographic Equation

The method for calculating the total population of a country based on natural increase and migration.

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

The average number of births per 1000 people.

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

The average number of children born per woman during her reproductive lifetime.

Replacement Level Fertility

The average number of children needed to replace both parents and stabilize the population.

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

The number of deaths per year per 1000 people.

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

A measure of how many infants die within the first year of life per 1000 live births.

Child Mortality

Deaths of children under five years of age.

Rate of Natural Increase (RNI)

The difference between the number of births and deaths in a given year expressed as a percentage.

Zero Population Growth (ZPG)

When a country has the same number of births and deaths in a year.

Doubling Time

The number of years it takes for a population to double in size.

Rule of 70

A tool for calculating doubling time by dividing 70 by a country's rate of natural increase.

Demographic Transition Model (DTM)

Conceptualizes how birth and death rates change as countries undergo industrialization.

Epidemiology

A branch of medicine studying the distribution and control of diseases.

Women's Status

The degree of equality between men and women regarding access to resources.

Antinatalist Policies

Designed to curtail population growth by reducing fertility rates.

Pronatalist Policies

Designed to boost fertility rates and ultimately population growth.

Migration

The long-term or permanent relocation of individuals or communities.

Migrant

A person who migrates or moves.

Non-migrants or Stayers

People who do not move.

Emigration or Out-Migration

The act of a migrant leaving their place of origin.

Immigration or In-Migration

The act of a migrant arriving at their destination.

Migration Stream

The flow of all migrants from an origin to a destination.

Counterstream

The flow of all migrants in the opposite direction of a migration stream.

Brain Drain

A phenomenon where a place loses educated, skilled people through migration.

Push Factors

Factors that cause dissatisfaction in current locales and motivate movement.

Pull Factors

Attributes of other places that make them attractive to potential migrants.

Social Networks

People's friends and relatives.

Transitional Migration

Migration based on seasonal movement between locations.

Circulation

Short-term and cyclical movement that recurs on a regular basis.

Forced Migration

Migration caused by uncontrollable forces like disasters or social conflicts.

Refugees

People who leave their country due to persecution.

Internally Displaced Person (IDP)

Someone who remains within their country's borders despite persecution.

Ethnic Cleansing

The forced removal of one ethnic group by another.

Diaspora

Involuntary mass dispersions of a population from its home territory.