HDE 110 - Ch 3 - Race, Ethnicity, & Immigration

genetic, biological, continuum

What Are Race & Ethnicity?

Humans share overwhelming blank similarity - classifications based on race/visible traits & have no clear blank boundaries (exist on a blank)

socially, self-identification

What Are Race & Ethnicity?

Race and ethnicity are blank constructed, meaning they’re shaped by history, culture, & society. They also both involve blank, which often aligns with how others perceive us

race

What Are Race & Ethnicity?

A group of ppl believed to share common descent, based on perceived innate physical similarities (e.g. Black, White)

• More stable

ethnicity

What Are Race & Ethnicity?

A group of ppl w/ a common cultural identification, based on a combo of lang, religion, ancestral origin, o traditional practices (e.g. Italian-American)

• Can change over a person’s lifetime, & even from one social setting to another

racial ethnicity

What Are Race & Ethnicity?

An ethnic grp perceived to share physical characteristic; the overlap of race & ethnicity

racial-ethnic, endogamy, exogamy, inequalities

What Are Race & Ethnicity?

Why Classify by Race & Ethnicity?

Many aspects of fam & social life still reflect separation along blank lines

• Blank: Marriage & reproduction within a distinct group 

• Blank: Marriage & reproduction outside one’s distinct group

Enforcement of racial-ethnic divisions in past also left contemporary Am society w/ long-lasting blank between racial-ethnic grps

White people

What Are Race & Ethnicity?

What About…

Includes ppl from wide variety of ethnic backgrounds, mostly from Europe, but was not always seen as one race

• Variety came from groups combining in many different ways, leading to some having a strong ethnic identity, while others don’t

minority group

What Are Race & Ethnicity?

What About…

A racial o ethnic group that occupies a subordinate status in society

immigration, higher birth rates among immigrants

What Are Race & Ethnicity?

The U.S. Population

The growing diversity in fam structure coincided with expanding diversity in racial-ethnic composition of the population due to what 2 factors?

collective autonomy

American Stories

For many members of minority groups, the struggle for blank (instead of individual independence) remains dominant theme in fam life

20th, 2/3, disease, war

American Stories

American Indians

Before arrival of Europeans, Am Indians numbered several million

• By the start of the blank century, population reduced by blank from blank & blank

poorer, educated, single

American Stories

American Indians

NA’s (alone o mixed) are much blank, less blank, & show higher rates of blank parenthood than US avg

cooperation, broadly, same-sex, polygamy

American Stories

American Indians

Traditional Family Life

• Stressed blank, well-being of collective, & spiritual orientation

• Fam boundaries often drawn blank

• Acceptance of informal blank marriage

• (Monogamy/polygamy)

socially, economically, health, death, gambling

American Stories

American Indians

On & Off Reservations

• Reservations often desperate blank & blank

• NA’s face blank problems mostly from poverty & social isolation

• High rates of accidental & violent blank

• Blank industry provided substantial flow of income in recent decades

marriage, single, unmarried, mortality

American Stories

African Americans

Themes from W.E.B. Du Bois that would dominate research include…

• (1) Relatively low blank rates

• (2) More blank mothers & blank couples

• (3) Many widows from high rates of blank among Black men

fluid, stable, matriarchal, nuclear family

American Stories

African Americans

Slavery’s Legacy

• Fams of slaves & descendants were more blank and less blank

• (Patriarchal/Matriarchal)

• Achieving blank was viewed as a problem for Black fams to achieve, stemming from the idea that their family behavior was the cause of racial inequality (later a different story would emerge)

women’s, fluid, poverty

American Stories

African Americans

Family Resilience

Instead of viewing Black families as a “flaw” to the nuclear family, scholars saw that strong blank leadership and blank fam structure was a necessary reaction to blank

true

American Stories

African Americans

Family Resilience

True or false? Many Black Americans DID live in nuclear families with the separate spheres model. Explain

agriculture, blue-collar, residential segregation

American Stories

African Americans

Urban Poverty

In the 1950s, many Black workers made transition from blank work in South to blank work in North

• Cities were characterized by high levels of blank

false

American Stories

African Americans

Urban Poverty

True or false? The Black middle class had as much wealth as the White middle class.

deindustrialization

American Stories

African Americans

Urban Poverty

African Americans suffered the most during blank, which is the shift from production of goods to the provision of services

familism

American Stories

Latinos

A personal outlook that puts fam obligations first b4 individual well-being

• Fam r-ships, incl strong intergenerational ties, play a central role in daily life for most Latinos 

younger, children, extended

American Stories

Latinos

Latinos have a blank average age, more blank, and more likely to live in blank households

true

American Stories

Asian Americans

True or false? Asian Americans are the fastest-growing minority group

educational, elders, multigenerational

American Stories

Asian Americans

Family Traditions, Modern Times

• Striving for blank excellence

• Respect & care for blank

• Likely to live in blank households

higher, lower, lower

American Stories

Asian Americans

Compared to the U.S. population, Asian Americans are more likely to have

• (Higher/lower) levels of education

• (Higher/lower) levels of unmarried childbearing

• (Higher/lower) poverty rates

60%

American Stories

Asian Americans

Cuz many Asian fams include immigrants, blank percent Asian Americans speak a lang other than English 

health disparities

American Stories

The COVID-19 Pandemic

Preventable diffs in health exp by socially unequal grps

• Many factors combined to make pandemic worse in Black, Hispanic, & American Indian pop compared w/ Asian & White communities

15%, ¼

Immigration

The New Immigration

Blank percent of US residents born in another country - higher than it has been since 1910 

• If you include Americans whose parents born elsewhere => blank pop belong to immigrant fam

accelerated

Immigration

The New Immigration

Immigration has (accelerated/ decelerated) in the last 3 decades

1965

Immigration

The New Immigration

Current wave of immigration dates to blank, where fed law reform allowed immigration of spouses, children, & parents of US citizens

acculturation

Immigration

Generations

Acquisition of new culture & lang

consonant acculturation

Immigration

Generations

A type of acculturation where parents & children together gradually transition away from home culture & lang

dissonant acculturation

Immigration

Generations

A type of acculturation where children dev English ability more quickly & integrate into new society more easily than parents

assimilation

Immigration

Generations

The gradual reduction of ethnic distinction between immigrants & mainstream society

• Only successful when host society accepts new grp

intermarriage

Marriage between members of different racial o ethnic grps

• Racial & ethnic grps can only exist if categories they represent stay distinct in minds of society’s members

  • This is why this is considered a “litmus test” of racial & ethnic differences

social distance

The lvl of acceptance that mmbrs of one grp have toward mmbrs of another