Dental Sciences & Prev Dentistry- Ch 10/COMPLETED

Regions of the Face

 Forehead: Extending from the eyebrows to the hairline

 Temples: Lateral to the eyes

 Orbital: Eye area that is covered by the eyelids

 External nose

 Zygomatic (malar): Prominence of the cheek

 Mouth and lips

 Cheeks

 Chin

 External ear

Features of the Face

­Outer and inner canthus
of the eye

­Ala of the nose

­Philtrum

­Tragus of the ear

­Nasion

­Glabella

­Root or “bridge” of nose

­Septum of the nasal cavity

­Anterior naris of the nostril

­Mental protuberance of the mandible

­Angle of the mandible

­Zygomatic arch

What are the facial numbers 1-13? What are they called? Where are they located?

1. Outer Canthus, located in the fold of tissue at the outer corner of the lip

2. Inner Canthus, located in the fold of tissue at the inner corner of the eye

3. Ala of the nose, located on either side of the nostrils

4. Philtrum, located in the middle area of the upper lip

5. Tragus, located on the outer ear, in front of the ear canal

6. Nasion, located at the bridge of the nose, between the eyes (just below the eyebrows)

7. Glabella, located between the eyebrows on the forehead

8. Root of the nose, located at the top of the nose, where it meets the forehead (bridge of the nose)

9. Septum, located in the middle of the nasal cavity, dividing the nostrils

10. Anterior naris, located at the nostril openings

11. Mental protuberance, located at the front of the chin

12. Angle of the mandible, located where the lower jaw turns upwards

13. Zygomatic arch, located as the bony structure of the cheek (cheek bone)

Skin

 The skin of the face is thin to medium in relative thickness

 It is soft and movable over a layer of loose connective tissue

 The skin around the external ear and the ala of the nose is fixed to underlying cartilage

 Facial skin contains many sweat and sebaceous glands

Lips

 The lips are also known as labia

 The lips are outlined by the vermilion border

 The labial commissure is the angle at the corner of the mouth where the upper and lower lips join

 The nasolabial sulcus is the groove extending upward between each labial commissure and the ala of the nose

The oral cavity

 Lined with mucous membrane tissue

 Consists of two areas

­The vestibule is the space between the teeth and the inner mucosal lining of the lips and cheeks

­The oral cavity proper is the space contained within the upper and lower dental arches

The Vestibule

The intraoral vestibule begins on the inside of the lips and then extends from the lips onto the alveolar process of both arches

 The vestibular mucosa is thin, red, and loosely bound to underlying alveolar bone

 The base of each vestibule, where the buccal mucosa meets the alveolar mucosa, is called the mucobuccal fold

 The mucogingival junction is a distinct line of color change where the alveolar membrane meets with attached gingiva

Label from 1-4

1. Buccal Frenulum

2. Papilla and Orifice of Parotid Duct

3. Crown of 2nd Maxillary Molar

4. Mucobuccal Fold

Labial and Other Frenula

 A frenum is a narrow band of tissue that connects two structures

 The labial frenum passes from the midline of the maxillary or mandibular arch to the midline of the inner surface of the lip

 The buccal frenum passes from the oral mucosa near the maxillary or mandibular first molars to the inner surface of the cheek

Label 1-9

1. Interdental Gingiva

2. Attached Gingiva

3. Mucogingival Junction

4. Alveolar Mucosa

5. Maxillary Labial Frenum

6. Marginal Gingiva

7. Maxillary Vestibule

8. Mandibular Vestibule

9. Mandibular Buccal Frenum

What is gingiva?

Gums, they surround the teeth and are self cleaning

how does normal gingiva look like? what are it’s characteristics?

Normal gingiva surround the teeth and are self cleaning. They are firm, resistant, and are tight around the tooth and bone. Surface color varies according to the individuals pigment. The surfaces of the attached gingivae and interdental papillae are stippled and similar in appearance to the rind of an orange.

Unattached Gingiva

Also known as marginal gingiva and free gingiva. The unattached gingiva is usually about 1 mm wide and forms the soft wall of the gingival sulcus.

In gingivitis, unattached gingiva is the first tissue to become inflamed.

Interdental gingiva (also called gingival papilla)

Extension of the free gingiva that fills the interproximal embrasure between two adjacent teeth

Gingival groove

The gingival groove is a shallow groove that runs parallel to the margin of the unattached gingiva and marks the beginning of the attached gingiva

Attached gingiva

The attached gingiva extends from the base of the sulcus to the mucogingival junction

What is the oral cavity proper?

It is the area inside the dental arches, in the back of the last moral on each side is a space that links the vestibule and the oral cavity proper

Hard palate

The hard palate separates the nasal cavity above from the oral cavity below. The nasal surfaces are covered with respiratory mucosa, and the oral surfaces are covered with oral mucosa. The mucosa of the hard palate is tightly bound to the underlying bone, and therefore submucosal injections into the palatal area can be extremely painful.

What is another term used to refer to the hard palate?

The roof of the mouth

Label the land marks of the hard palate (roof of mouth) from 1-5

1. Lingual (palatal) gingiva

2. Palatal Rugae

3. Incisive Papilla

4. Median Palatine Raphe

5. Ducts for Palatal Glands

Soft palate

The soft palate is the movable posterior third of the palate. It has no bony skeleton and hangs like a limp curtain into the pharynx behind it. The soft palate ends posteriorly as a free edge with a hanging projection called the uvula.

The soft palate is supported posteriorly by two arches, the fauces:

• The anterior arch runs from the soft palate down to the lateral aspects of the tongue as the palatoglossal arch

• The posterior arch, the free posterior border of the soft palate, is called the palatopharyngeal arch

• The opening between the two arches is called the isthmus of fauces and contains the palatine tonsil

Label the soft palate surfaces from 1-6

1. Uvula

2. Palatine Tonsil

3. Soft Palate

4. Anterior Faucial Pillar

5. Posterior Faucial Pillar

6. Posterior Wall of Pharynx

What is the soft palate?

the back of the mouth/throat

Tongue

The tongue is an important organ, responsible for several functions:

Speech

Manipulation and positioning of food

Sense of taste

Swallowing

Cleansing of the oral cavity

Parts and Surface of the tongue

Body: Anterior two thirds of the tongue

Root: Posterior portion that turns downward toward the pharynx

Dorsum: Upper and posterior roughened surface

Sublingual surface: Covered with smooth, transparent mucosa

Lingual frenulum: Thin fold of mucous membrane that extends from the floor of the mouth to the underside of the tongue

Label the parts of the tongue from 1-5

1. Fimbriated Fold

2. Lingual Frenum

3. Raised Tip of Tongue

4. Sublingual Caruncle

5. Lingual Veins

Taste buds

Located on the fungiform papillae and in the trough of the large vallate papillae, which form a V on the posterior portion of the tongue

The sense of touch is provided by numerous filiform papillae that cover the entire surface of the tongue

Label the tongue surface from top to bottom (Blue, red, yellow)

Page 38 (last page)

1 (Blue): Circumvallate Papillae

2 (Red): Foliate Papillae

3 (Yellow): Fungiform Papillae

Teeth

Teeth are either single-rooted or multirooted

The teeth sit in bony sockets, or alveoli, within the alveolar process of the maxilla and mandible

In the mouth, a cuff of gingival tissue surrounds each tooth

The portion of the tooth that is visible in the oral cavity is called the crown