PSY 343 - Personality Disorders

Cluster A (Odd or eccentric- aka: weird)

Paranoid PD, Schizoid PD, Schizotypal PD

Cluster B (Dramatic, emotional, or erratic- aka: wild)

Antisocial PD, Borderline PD, Histrionic PD, Narcissistic PD,

Cluster C (Anxious or fearful- aka: worried)

Avoidant PD, Dependent PD, Obsessive-Compulsive PD

Dimensional Model of PD

Different dimensions: using Big 5 as different quadrants/vectors

Paranoid PD

pattern of distrust and suspiciousness such that others’ motives are interpreted as malevolent

Doesn’t have psychotic Sx

Schizoid PD

pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression

not a lot of close relationships and you don’t really want them

don’t express emotions well to others/don’t care to (restricted affect)

Schizotypal PD

acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions, and eccentricities of behavior (excessive beliefs in things people dont normally believe in- really high in openness)

Trouble getting close to ppl or overly close to ppl

Hard time getting close to ppl because of eccentricities

Antisocial PD

pattern of disregard for, and violation of the rights of others

Borderline PD

pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity.

Histrionic PD

pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking

Narcissistic PD

pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy

Avoidant PD

pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation

Dependent PD

pattern of submissive and clinging behavior related to an excessive need to be taken care of

Lack of confidence in things you do yourself, look for other people to guide you

can be romantic, platonic, with parents

Obsessive Compulsive PD

pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control

Like things to be a certain way, upset when disrupted, trying to take control of environment

No obsessions (besides “I need things to be this way”) or compulsions

Genetics as a cause of PDs

Those with relatives with PDs more likely to have it too

genetic component to Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

exploring genetic links to aggression, anxiety and fear — traits that can play a role in personality disorders (e.g., amygdala differences)

Childhood trauma as a cause of PDs

Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study, offer clues about the role of childhood experiences

Borderline has a high rate of incidence as a result of childhood trauma

link between the number and type of childhood traumas and the development of personality disorders

BPD has especially high rates of childhood sexual trauma

Verbal Abuse as a cause of PDs

Children who experienced verbal abuse were 3x more likely develop borderline, narcissistic, OCPD, or paranoid PDs in adulthood

High Reactivity as a cause of PDs

Sensitivity to light, noise, texture and other stimuli may also play a role

Overly sensitive children more likely to develop shy, timid or anxious personalities

Genetic implication in high reactivity

Twenty percent of infants are highly reactive, but less than 10 percent go on to develop social phobias

Peers as a protective factor

trong relationship with a relative, teacher or friend can offset negative influences

DSM-5-TR statement about PDs

They want to preserve continuity with clinical practice

address numerous shortcomings of the approach in Section II

Section II states that if you qualify for one PD, you often qualify for another

PD Diagnoses often don’t…

take into account social context and (traumatic) experiences

How can the term PD be limiting?

stigmatizing (esp. among clinicians), but it can also others find it validating and helpful

Personality Disorders

enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture

Pervasive and inflexible onset in adolescence or early adulthood

Stable over time

leads to distress or impairment

___ - ___ % of general population would meet criteria for a PD

10-15%

Prevalence of PDs in CLINICAL SETTINGS are estimated to be over ____%

50%

5 Factor Model of Personality

Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism

Antisocial PD

More common in men than women

Associated with low SES/urban settings (may be misapplied to those in settings where antisocial behaviors are part of a survival strategy)

Environmental factors account for ____% of variation in criminality/delinquency

15-20%

Ex: low family income, inner city residence, poor parental supervision, single-parent households, delinquent siblings, parental conflict, harsh discipline, neglect, large family size, young mother

Genetics/Heritability accounts for about ____% of the variance in Antisocial PD

50%

Nonshared environmental factors account for ____% of the variance in Antisocial PD

30%

Borderline Personality Disorder

Childhood history of physical and/or sexual abuse, parental conflict, loss, and neglect

Approx. 75% people diagnosed with BPD are female

Intimate relationships unstable/explosive, employment history generally poor

High comorbidity with other disorders (especially anxiety disorders, impulse control disorders, SUDs)