Ap Statistics Topic 12

Bias

concerns the center of the sampling distribution for a statistic which is not close to where the true value of a population parameter is

Central Limit Theorem

for all large n the sampling distribution of x is approximately normal for any population with finite standard deviation s.

Mean

- (of the sampling distribution) is equal to the population proportion p.

Normal Approximation

- (of the sampling distribution) is closer to a normal distribution when the sample size n is large.

Parameter

a number that describes the population. (The value of a parameter is not known.)

Population proportion

a parameter p

Sample mean

used to estimate the unknown parameter µ.

Sample Proportion

a statistic that is used to gain information about the parameter p.

Sampling Distribution

- (of a statistic) is the distribution of values taken by the statistic in all possible samples of the same size from the same population.

Sampling Variability

The value of a statistic varies in repeated random sampling.

Statistic

- a number that can be computed from the sample data without making use of an unknown parameters. (It is often used to estimate an unknown parameter.)

Unbiased

- the mean of its sampling distribution is equal to the true value of the parameter being estimated.