Module Review: Foundations of Anatomy, Physiology & Terminology

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms related to the foundations of anatomy, physiology, and veterinary medical terminology, aiding students in mastering the essential concepts for their upcoming exam.

Root

The core meaning of a medical term, often indicating a body part or organ (e.g., cardi, hepat, derm).

Prefix

A word part added before a root to modify its meaning (e.g., brady, tachy, hyper).

Suffix

A word part added after a root to denote a procedure, condition, or disease (e.g., -
itis means inflammation, -ectomy means removal).

Combining vowel

Usually 'o', used to connect a root to a suffix that begins with a consonant or to connect two roots.

Combining form

A root word combined with a combining vowel (e.g., cardi/o), used to simplify pronunciation when connecting to other word parts.

How are medical terms typically built?

Often by combining a root, prefix, and/or suffix.

Epithelial tissue

Covers bodily surfaces and organs; classified by shape (squamous, cuboidal, columnar) and layers (simple vs stratified).

What are the primary functions of epithelial tissue?

Protection, secretion, absorption, and filtration.

Simple (epithelium)

Epithelial tissue consisting of a single layer of cells.

Stratified (epithelium)

Epithelial tissue consisting of multiple layers of cells.

Squamous cells

Flat, scale-like epithelial cells.

Cuboidal cells

Cube-shaped epithelial cells.

Columnar cells

Column-shaped (taller than wide) epithelial cells.

Connective tissue

Supports and binds other tissues; includes types such as loose, dense, cartilage, bone, and blood.

Name two examples of dense connective tissue.

Tendons and ligaments.

Cartilage

A flexible connective tissue providing support and cushioning, found in joints, nose, and ears.

Bone

A hard, calcified form of connective tissue forming the skeletal framework of the body.

Blood

A fluid connective tissue composed of plasma, red cells, white cells, and platelets, circulating through the body.

Muscle tissue

Responsible for movement; includes skeletal, cardiac (with intercalated discs), and smooth muscle.

What is the primary function of muscle tissue?

To produce movement through contraction.

Skeletal muscle

Voluntary muscle tissue attached to bones, responsible for body movement.

Smooth muscle

Involuntary muscle tissue found in the walls of internal organs and blood vessels, controlling their movements.

Cardiac muscle

Involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart, responsible for pumping blood.