The American Journey Chapter 16

Blockade

An effort to cut off supplies, war material or communications from a particular area by force, either in part or totally.

Anaconda Plan

A plan that had the North gain control of the Mississippi River which would split the Confederacy in 2 and cut Southern supply lines

Norths plan- general Winfield Scott

1. Union should blockade southern ports

2. Gain control of Mississippi R. - would cut conf. In half & supply lines(anaconda plan)

3. Capture Richmond, VA

Abraham Lincoln

President, worked to keep 4 border states in the Union

Souths plan

-expected Brit. & France to help

1. Conduct a defensive war - make northerners tire

2. wanted to attack D.C

North and south advantages

North- more people and resources

South- military leaders, strong spirit for fighting, knew land

War aims of north and south

North- restore union

South- establish as independent

Some shortages in the south were...

1- south had most destruction

2- marches destroyed homes and crops

3- many homes because refuges

Ironclad

Armored warship

"Stonewall Jackson"

General Thomas Jackson for the Rebels, held out battles heroically

Battle of Antietam

When McClellan and Lee's forces met near Sharpsburg, Maryland

Ulysses S. Grant

Union Army general who led the attack with the Union on Fort Henry, battle on rivers, Shiloh

- wanted unconditional surrender

Fort sumpter

1st battle of civil war

April 1861• South Carolina

Conf. Victory

1 bull run

July 1861- VA

Conf. Won

- would be a long war

- call for union volunteers

battle of 2 Ironclads

Union- monitor conf.- virginia(maramack)

Indecisive win

Battle of Shiloh

Tough battle with tons of casualties, lasted 2 days, Union won by a little

-

New Orleans

April 1862

- union won- gained control of most of Miss. River

-

Antietam

Sep. 1862- sharpsburg MA

- deadliest day of fighting

-South's plan to invade north failed

Fredericksburg

Dec 1862 - VA

- burnside failed- resigned

Conf. Won

Chancellorsville

May 1863- VA

Conf. Won

- Jackson was shot- died week later

Gettysburg

July 1863 south used pickets charge

- union won

- Europe wouldn't help south

Vicksburg siege

July 1864- Mississippi

-lasted 47 days- union won

- Union gained control of Miss. R. ( anaconda plan)

-civil war reached turning point

Grants plan to take Richmond

May&June 1864

- battle of wilderness, spotsylvania courthouse, cold harbor

-many casualties

William sherman- union

Made drive in Atlanta- Hood left

David Farragut

Highest ranking officer in Union navy

-joined military at 12.

- led 18 ships in aug. 1864 in mobile bay, Alabama

Last southern port in Miss. was blocked

Border State

Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri were bitterly divided between slavery and antislavery

-all states had ties to north and south

-slavery was legal

Robert E. Lee

Strong leader for the Conf. in battle

- unstoppable w/stone wall Jackson

Wins-7 days battle- 2 bull run- Fredericksburg

Frederick Douglass

Urged Lincoln to make the war a fight to end slavery

Emancipation Proclamation

A decree freeing all enslaved people in rebel territory on January 1, 1863

- Lincoln changed opinion to wanting to end slavery

13th amendment

January 31, 1865

- banned slavery in U.S forever

Lincoln changed his mind on war twice- when &how?

1- emancipation proclamation- sept. 1862- war to end slavery

2-13th amendment- January 31, 1865 - completely banned slavery

Habeas Corpus

A law protecting unlawful imprisonment, suspended in order to prevent treason

Stonewall Jackson

Great leader in conf. Army

-made north realize war would be long

-won- 1 bull run-

Undecided- Chancellorsville- died

Greenbacks

Money

Inflation

General increase in prices

Mary Edwards Walker

Became the first army woman surgeon

Dorothea Dix

Convinced officials to let woman work as nurses and recruited many women to serve

Gettysburg Address

A 272 word speech given by Lincoln to honor the soldiers and the cause for which they fought and died, as well as state his vision for the country

54th Massachusetts

Best known African American regiment

womens role in the war

- ran business and farms

- some secretly joined the army

-ex. . Sally Tompkins- established a hospital for wounded soldiers in Richmond, Virginia

Clara Barton

Became famous for her medical work with wounded soldiers

Entrenched

Occupying a strong defensive position

Bread Riots

Hungry people take the streets and protest but it sometimes becomes violent

Siege

Military blockade

Pickett's Charge

An attack Lee ordered to create a panic and virtually destroy the Union army

Jefferson davis

President of the Confederacy

Lee's Surrender

Appomattox court house- April 9, 1865

- Lee's soldiers could keep firearms & officers- horses• soldiers wouldn't be disturbed going home

- grant gave 25,000 rations of food to south troops

America's deadliest war

What states were border states?

Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri