The 7 Year War

This was a war resulting in the rivalry between which two countries?

France & England

the war lasted between the years….?

1754-1763

The 7 year war is also known as…?

The French & Indian War

the war caused by these two reasons…

\-English concerned about French Forts being built in the Ohio Valley

\-Population of English colonies growing rapidly & pushing west

Who led a small force into Ohio in 1754?

Young Major George Washington

What did the English hope to capture?

to capture the French fort Duquesne

Were the english successful in capturing Fort Duquesne?

No, they were defeated, force to retreat, and they built Fort Necessity

Who were the english Defeated by and where were they forced to return to?

by the French and Indigenous and forced to return to Virginia

Who did the British send to drive out the French out of the Ohio Valley in 1755?

General Edward Braddock

How was Braddock defeated?

by a French and Indian (Indigenous) ambush

When was war officially declared?

It was declared in 1756

Who were the English allied with?

the Iroquois

What was the population of the English?

1,000,000

What “activities” did the English have?

They had towns, trade, and farms

Who were the French allied with?

with the Algonquins, Hurons, and Ottowa(This is most def spelt wrong)

What was the population of the French?

70,000

What “activities” did the French have?

Fur Trading, Missionary, and Priests

Where did the French capture the British Forts?

forts at Lake Ontario and Lake George

Where did France’s Indigenous allies raid?

They raid farms from the New York-Frontiere

Where did the British settlers’ flee to after this houses and farms burned down?

They fled to to the East Coast

Who dominated for the first 3 years of the war?/

The France and their allies

Where did France win victories?

Fort Oswego and Fort William Henry

Where did it began taking a turn (the France victory streak dies)

At Ticonderoga begins a turn

Who helped turn the tide from the British in the war?

British Foreign Minister William Pitt

In what year did Willian Pitt help?

in 1758

Who do the British make peace with?

important Indigenous allies and adopted Indigenous fighting strategies

What happened in September 1759?

British General James Wolfe leads a surprise attack on Quebec

Where was the British Victory?

The British Victory at Front Niagara

What happened at the British Victory at Front Niagara?

The Victory at Front Niagara cut off the French frontier forts

What did the victory at Front Niagara lead to?

It lead to the England to eventual victory in the war

What happened after the 1763 treaty of Paris for the French?

France lost Canadian Colonies and claims to land east of the Mississippi River

What happened after the 1763 treaty of Paris for the British?

England got all French territory in Canada, Florida & rights to Caribbean slave trade

What happened after the 1763 treaty of Paris for Spain?

Spain got French Territory west of the Mississippi River and New Orleans

Who formed an Indigenous Alliance and strikes back at the British?

Chief Pontiac

When did the Pontiac War end?

It ended in 1765

What was the Proclamation of 1763?

England issued it to prevent further westward expansion & to issue new taxes on colonies to pay for the war

What increases between colonies & Great Britain

Friction increases

in 1754-1755, what battle was it?

It was the battle over the Ohio valley

Why did the French want Ohio Valley?

They wanted to expand settlement there

Why couldn’t the French expand into Ohio Valley?

A previous treaty prevented them from doing so

Why did the French and Coureur du bois want to block American settlers?

they wanted to protect the fur trade

Why did the Indigenous people also support blocking the american settlers?

because they wanted to protect their way of life and the fur trade

Who was the Leader for the French when they sent leaders from Europe to North America?

General Montcalm

Who was the Leader for the British when they sent leaders from Europe to North America?

General Wolfe

What happen during the Capture of Louisbourg (1758)

200 British ships appeared in harbour & bombard the fortress

They cut off food and supply line for 7 weeks so the French in the fort starved

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How long dod the fighting last in the Capture of Louisbourg?

It lasted 60 days - they (british) landed on high ground and bombarded the fortress from above

What was the result of the Capture of Louisbourg?

Louisbourg was completely destroyed

What was the significance of the Capture of Louisbourg?

The gateway to the St. Lawrence was captured

What year was the Capture of Louisbourg?

1758

When was the Capture of Ohio Valley?

1758

What did the British take during the Capture of Ohio Valley?

The British took the French Fort Frontenac on Lake Ontario

What did the British also take during the Capture of the Ohio Valley?

The British took Fort Duquesne

Why was the capture of Fort Duquesne significant?

It was the HQ of forts in the Ohio River valley - the major symbol of the French Domination has has fallen. The British can now attack from the south

When was the Capture of Quebec City?

1759

What was happening during the Spring of the Capture of Quebec?

The British fleet sail up the St. Lawrence and bombard Quebec over the summer while troops land

Unsuccessful for 3 months so they decide to sail past and land at a poorly defended cliff upstream - wolfe’s cove

What did the British Soldier’s do when they reached Wolfe’s cove?

There was a trail to a cliff where in darkness of night they went up quietly.

What happened in the morning after climbing the cliff (wolfe’s cove)?

Montcalm saw the sight of 8000 soldiers stretched across the Plains of Abraham

Why were the French in a disadvantage during the capture of Quebec?

because they were used to fighting in a forest, not open fields

What was a mistake the French made in the Plains of Abraham?

French charge and start firing their cannons before they were even in range of the British

How long did the battle last of the Capture of Quebec city?

The battle was over in an hour

Who got Quebec city in the end of the fight?

Quebec City had fallen to the British

How did both Montclam and Wolfe die?

They both died from wounds

How did the British fight during the Plains of Abraham?

They waited until the French were closer and fired

Which Indigenous Tribe support the French but then switched sides?

Shawnee

In which year did the Shawnee switch sides to the British?

1758

Which Indigenous tribe help the British and made their home in upstate New York?

Iroquois

Who was the British General killed during battle in 1755 trying to march to Fort Duquesne

Edward Braddock

What is the French Fort at the top of the Ohio River called?

Fort Duquesne

Who was the English General that died during the capture of Quebec city?

James Wolfe

The governor of Virginia send who to deliver an ultimatum to the French?

George Washington

Who was the British secretary of state that sent the nation’s best generals to America and borrowed money to pay colonial troops for fighting

William Pitt the elder

What document officially ended the war?

Treaty of Paris (1763)

Because of the treaty of paris the French lost…

All their North American territory except Haiti and a few small islands

Why did Chief Pontiac lead a rebellion?

The Indigenous alarmed by policies imposed by British General Jeffrey Amherst, attacked a number of British forts and settlements

How did the war impact the Indigenous?

After the war, the British king, George III, made a new law called the Royal Proclamation of 1763. This law said that any land that Britain didn't control in North America belonged to the Indigenous people who lived on it

Why did the treaty or paris not work?

England wouldn’t recognize United states independence