breast

this disorder of development causes supernumerary nipples that can extend from the axilla to the perineum

milk line remnants

this developmental disorder is from the ductal system extending into subcutaneous tissue or axillary fossa

accessory breast tissue

this disorder occurs in the 1st month of breast feeding and is caused by a local infection with staph aureus. it can create an abscess, erythematous and painful breast

acute mastitis

this disorder causes a painful erythematous subareolar mass, seen in smokers, there is a presence of keratinizing squamous metaplasia of the nipple ducts which slough off and create an inflammatory response

squamous metaplasia of the lactiferous ducts

this disorder creates a palpable periareolar mass associated with white nipple secretions, is not associated with smoking, pain or erythema

duct ectasia

what disorder can duct ectasia mimic both clinically and radiographically

invasive carcinoma

this disorder forms after trauma or prior surgery and contains small chalky white foci within firm gray white nodules

fat necrosis

this term refers to lumpy bumpy breasts with densities with cysts on mammorgraphy

fibrocystic change

what are the 3 principle morphologic features of fibrocystic change?

cysts, fibrosis, adenosis

this disorder produces an increased number of both luminal and myoepithelial cell types which fill the ducts and lobules creating slit like fenestrations at the periphery

usual ductal hyperplasia

this disorder is characterized by an increased number of acini compressed by a dense stroma arranged in a swirling pattern with calcs in the lumens

sclerosing adenosis

this disorder mimics invasive carcinoma mammographically, grossly and histologically, contains a central nidus of small tubules entrapped by a fibrotic stroma that projects at the periphery with cyst formation

complex sclerosing lesion

this disorder is characterized by a growth within a dilated duct which is composed of multiple branching fibrovascular cores which arborize within the lumen. it is associated with nipple discharge

papilloma

this disorder is associated with a subareolar enlargement of male breasts with increased number of ducts with loose cellular stroma. no LOBULE formation

gynecomastia

this precursor lesion is associated with variably dilated acini lined by columnar epithelial cells producing microcalcs

columnar cell lesion

this precursor lesion is characterized by a a columnar cell lesion with cytologic atypia lacking architectural complexity

flat epithelial atypia

this precursor lesion shows proliferation of epithelial cells arranged in cribriform or micro papillary patterns resembling DCIS, the duct is partially involved by atypical epithelial proliferation

atypical ductal hyperplasia

this precursor lesion is neoplastic proliferation of dyscohesive epithelial cells confined to the ductal-lobular system with loosely cohesive cells partially filling a lobule. the cells do not extend >50% of the acini of the lobule

atypical lobular hyperplasia

DCIS is cahracterized by malignant clonal proliferation of epithelial cells limited to the ducts and lobules by the:

basement membrane

what is the mammography appearance of DCIS

linear branching pattern

this form of DCIS creates a cookie cutter pattern with spaces filled with calcified secretly material

cribriform

this form of DCIS creates a complex bulbous protrusion without a fibrovacular core

micropapillary

this form of DCIS creates true papillae with fibrovascular core and lacks a myoepithelial layer

papillary

what are two important clues for identification of DCIS

intraductal calcifications and comedo

this disease is characterized by cells extending from DCIS within the ductal system via the lactiferous sinuses into the nipple skin without crossing the BM still

paget disease

this carcinoma is characterized by malignant proliferation of epithelial cells within ducts and lobules growing discohesively

LCIS

what is there a loss of in LCIS?

E-cadherin

what is it called when LCIS spreads into adjacent lobule but still not involving the nipple or skin?

pagetoid spread

what is the most common and deadly malignancy in women?

invasive carcinoma of the breast

what gene mutations are associated with the low-grade pathway of invasive breast cancer

PIK3CA

what gene mutations are associated with the high grade pathway of invasive breast cancer

tp53, brca1/2, HER2

this invasive cancer type is well-differentiated, strong ER/PR +, with low proliferation and mutations in PIK3CA

luminal A

this invasive cancer type is more poorly differentiated with lower ER/PR expression, high proliferation rate, aggressive and frequently in patients with BRCA2 mutations

Luminal B

this invasive cancer is a subtype of cancer found in patients with li fraumeni syndrome from germline tp53 mutations

HER-2 carcinoma

this invasive cancer type arises through an estrogen independent pathway with the most commonly mutated gene being Tp53. It exhibits solid growth pattern with nuclear pleomorphism and necrosis with high proliferation

Triple negative breast cancer

what is the term for grading of invasive breast cancers using glandular differentiation, nuclear pleomorphism and mitotic rate

nottingham histologic score

this type of luminal breast cancer expresses a loss of e-cadherin with increased risk with loss of CDH1, metastasizes to peritoneum/retro, leptomeninges, go, ovaries, UT

lobular carcinoma

dyscohesive infiltrating tumor cells arranged in linear cores often with signet ring cells with minimal desmoplasia is characteristic of which luminal breast cancer subtype?

lobular carcinoma

this luminal breast cancer subtype is characterized by being soft, rubbery, with pale gray blue gelatin with pushing or circumscribed borders. histologically there cells are arranged in small islands with large lakes of mucin

mucinous carcinoma

this luminal carcinoma subtype consist of well formed tubules and is often mistaken for a benign sclerosing lesion

tubular carcinoma

this luminal carcinoma subtype produces true papillae with fronds of fibrovascular tissue lined by tumor cells

papillary carcinoma

this HER-2 carcinoma subtype resembles cells lining sweat glands with prominent nucleoli and eosinophilic cytoplasm

apocrine carcinoma

this HER-2 carcinoma subtype forms hollow balls of cells floating within an intercellular fluid which mimics true papillae with no fibrovascular core

invasive micropapillary carcinoma

this subtype of triple negative breast cancer displays tumors demonstrating squamous or mesenchymal differentiation with poor prognosis

metaplastic carcinoma

this triple negative breast cancer subtype displays round to oval tumor cells in microcytic or tubular patterns with intraluminal secretions

secretory carcinoma

how does inflammatory carcinoma travel in the breast to penetrate the skin

lymphovascular space

does a low PR expression or a strong PR expression have a better clinical outcome?

strong PR expression

what is the most important familial factor in male breast cancer

mutation in BRCA2

what are the majority of male breast cancers?

invasive cancer of no special type (ER/PR+, HER-2-)

what are the common mutations of intralobular stroma lesions

MED12 and RARA

what is the most common benign stromal tumor of the female breast

fibroadenoma

this interlobular tumor has mutations in MED12/RARA along with others like tp53, rb, TERT, presents in 6th decade, varies from small to massive lesions with leaflike growth and bulbous protrusions

phyllodes tumor

what is themes important predictor of local recurrence following excision of phyllodes tumors?

margin status

this interlobular stromal tumor is equally common in males, benign and composed of myofibroblasts

myofibroblastoma

this interlobular stromal tumor is malignant, can arise sporadically in younger women with a poor prognosis or be due to radiation therapy or lymphedema with MYC amplification

angiosarcoma

what cancer can be associated with breast implants due to chronic inflammation

anaplastic large T cell lymphoma