Science: Biology - Coordination and Control

Homeostasis

The maintenance of the constant internal environment even when the external environment is changing

Stimulus Response Model

Stimulus, Receptor, Control Centre (CNS), Effector, Response, feedback

Receptors

Chemoreceptors, Mechanoreceptors, Thermoreceptors, Photoreceptors

Chemoreceptors

Detect chemicals, found in the tongue, nose and internally (blood vessels)

Mechanoreceptors

Detect pressure (touch), found in skin and ears

Thermoreceptors

Detect temperature, found in skin

Photoreceptors

Detect light, found in eyes

Parts of Neuron

Dendrites, Soma, Axon, Axon Terminal, Myelin Sheath

Dendrites

Take in sensory information

Soma

Cell body, produces proteins for the cell, nucleus found in the soma

Axon

Transmits action potential to axon terminals

Axon Terminals

Connects neuron to it's target cell

Myelin Sheath

Speeds up transmission of action potential through the axon, protects the neurons

Sensory Neuron

Afferent Neurons; neurons that carry signals from the receptors to the CNS in the spinal cord or brain

Interneuron

Connects sensory and motor neurons within the CNS

Motor Neuron

Efferent Neuron; neuron that carry signals from the interneurons in the CNS to the effectors and causes it to respond

Reflex Arc

An automatic pathway where the stimulus only travels to and from the spinal cord and does not travel to the brain

CNS (central nervous system)

Brain and spinal cord

PNS (peripheral nervous system)

Rest of body