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19 Terms
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1
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
A technique used to amplify specific DNA sequences.
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2
Real-time PCR (qPCR)
A method of PCR that allows for the quantification of DNA in real time during the amplification process.
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3
Reverse Transcription PCR (RT-PCR)
A technique that converts RNA into complementary DNA (cDNA) before amplification.
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4
cDNA (complementary DNA)
DNA synthesized from an RNA template via the enzyme reverse transcriptase.
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5
Cycle Threshold (Ct)
The number of cycles required for the fluorescent signal to exceed the threshold in PCR.
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6
Dye SYBR Green
A fluorescent dye used in real-time PCR to indicate the presence of double-stranded DNA.
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7
Absolute Quantification in qPCR
A method to determine the exact copy number of a target sequence by using a standard curve.
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8
Relative Quantification in qPCR
A method to compare the expression levels of a target gene to a reference gene for normalization.
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9
Gene Expression Profiling
Analyzing the expression levels of multiple genes to understand cellular responses.
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10
Restriction Enzymes
Proteins that recognize specific DNA sequences and cleave the DNA at or near these sites.
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11
Genomic Library
A collection of cloned DNA fragments that represents the entire genome of an organism.
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12
cDNA Library
A collection of clones representing the expressed genes of a specific cell type or tissue.
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13
Sensitivity of qPCR
The ability of qPCR to detect small differences in nucleic acid amounts.
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14
Applications of PCR
Includes disease diagnostics, genetic research, recombinant DNA technology, and forensic analysis.
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15
SNP Genotyping
The process of determining genetic variations at single nucleotide positions in DNA.
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16
Mutation Analysis
The study of genetic changes that may lead to variations in phenotype.
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17
Pathogen Detection
Identifying the presence of harmful microorganisms in samples.
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18
Exon
A segment of a DNA or RNA molecule that contains coding information.
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19
Intron
A non-coding segment of a gene that is removed during RNA splicing.
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