Nutrition & Diets - HOSA Bowl

Nutrition

Process by which the body takes in and uses food.

Nutrient

Substance needed for growth, energy, and body functions.

Carbohydrates

Main energy source; 4 calories per gram.

Proteins

Build and repair tissues; 4 calories per gram.

Fats

Concentrated energy source; 9 calories per gram.

Vitamins

Organic compounds regulating body functions.

Minerals

Inorganic elements essential for body structure and regulation.

Water

Essential for hydration and chemical reactions.

Calorie

Unit measuring energy in food.

Metabolism

Process of converting nutrients into energy.

Basal Metabolic Rate

Energy needed for basic body functions at rest.

Fiber

Indigestible plant material aiding digestion.

BMI

Measurement of body fat using height and weight.

Malnutrition

Poor nutrition from insufficient or unbalanced diet.

Obesity

Excessive body fat; BMI of 30 or higher.

MyPlate

USDA guide for balanced nutrition.

Complete Protein

Protein containing all essential amino acids.

Incomplete Protein

Protein lacking one or more essential amino acids.

Saturated Fat

Raises LDL cholesterol.

Unsaturated Fat

Can lower LDL cholesterol.

Trans Fat

Increases risk of heart disease.

Electrolytes

Minerals maintaining fluid balance.

Anorexia Nervosa

Eating disorder involving self-starvation.

Bulimia Nervosa

Eating disorder involving bingeing and purging.

Therapeutic Diet

Diet prescribed for medical needs.

Diabetic Diet

Balanced diet to manage blood glucose.

Renal Diet

Limits protein, sodium, and potassium.

Ketogenic Diet

High-fat, low-carb diet.

Gluten-Free Diet

Diet excluding gluten.

Food Allergy

Immune response to food.

Food Intolerance

Difficulty digesting certain foods.