Lab 4 & 5: Intro to Adult Skeletal System

Axial

Trunk

Appendicular

• Upper extremities

• Pectoral

• Pelvic

• Lower extremities

Bone Shapes: Long Bones

• Bones found ending in articulations

• Example: Femur

Bone Shapes: Short Bones

• Small and cube-like bones

• typically between long bones

• Example: capitate

Bone shapes: flat bones

• bones in areas of protection

• has a large surface area

• Example: sternum

Bone shapes: irregular 

• puzzle-piece like bones

• Example: vertebra

Bone shapes: Sesamoid

• Example: patella

Bone shapes: Suture Bone

• Example: Cranial Bones

Processes

Specific Markings on a Bone

Processes: Tubercles

• Rough, sandpaper-like

• Has a small surface area

Processes: Tuberosities

• Rough, sandpaper-like

• Formed via muscle attachment

• not as elevated, more surface area

Processes: Trochanters

• Rough, sandpaper-like

• Largest surface area

• Only on the proximal end of a femur

Processes: Line

• Small elevation

• “Speed bumps”

• Like Palouse hills

Processes: Crests

• moderately elevated and pronounced

• foothills

• Like Moscow Mountain

Processes: Spines

• Tallest and most elevated

• Like Mount Everest

Processes: Facets

Smooth areas found in smaller areas of articulation on bones

Processes: Fossas

Smooth areas found in larger areas of articulation on bones

Processes: Heads

• found at points of articulation on bones

• Single, smooth surface

• Rounded

Process: Condyles

• Found at points of articulation on bones

• often paired structures

Processes: Epicondyles

“Bumps on bumps”

Processes: Sulcus (sulci)/Groove

“shallow valley” indentation on bones

Processes: Notch

deeper indentation on bones

Processes: Foramen

single hole in bone

Process: foramina

Collection of multiple holes in bone

Processes: Fissures

Jagged opening on bone

Processes: Canal/meatus

Hole in bone with a bottom

Processes: sinus

Cavities within a bone

Appendicular skeleton: Upper Extremity

• humerus

• radius

• ulna

• carpals

• metacarpals

• phalanges

Appendicular skeleton: lower extremity

• femur

• patella

• tibia and fibula

• tarsals

• metatarsals

• phalanges

“Tiger Cub Needs MILC”

• Talus

• Calcaneus

• Navicular

• Medial cuneiform

• Intermediate cuneiform

• Lateral cuneiform

• Cuboid

“Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can’t Handle”

• Scaphoid

• Lunate

• Triquetrum

• Pisiform

• Trapezium

• Trapezoid

• Capitate

• Hamate