US. HISTORY EXAM PRACTICE

What is Beringia?

Land bridge connecting Asia and North America.

Why do the first inhabitants migrate across the bridge?

For Food.

Where were the Mayans located?

Mesoamerica, spanning out to Modern-day Mexico, Belize, Honduras and Guatemala.

Where were the Aztec Located?

Present day Mexico City

What was the Aztec's Capital?

Tenochtitlan

How were the Aztecs related to most European cities?

They were larger than most European cities in 1519.

What did the Aztec gods represent and how did they honor them?

Each God represented and ruled the aspect of the natural world. Ex: Heavens, farming, rain, fertility, sacrifice and combat. They did temple rituals, blood sacrifices, fasting, etc.

What was the capital for the Incas?

Machu Picchu

What were the Incas views on human sacrifice?

They believed it was a sacred ritual.

Who was the first group to reach the Americas?

Vikings/Leif Erikson.

What was the Reconquista?

The Christian conquest of the Iberian Peninsula.

What does the Treaty of Tordesillas do?

a line of demarcation that determined which land the Spanish (To the West) got and which land the Portuguese got (To the East).

Who is responsible for the fall of the Aztecs?

Hernán Cortés

La Malinche, What is her significance?

She was a Nahua woman (Malintzin). She was given to Hernán Cortés as a tribute and she translated for him in his dealings with the Moctezuma people.

What ideas does John Calvin stress?

Making the Bible accessible to ordinary people, he emphasized human powerlessness and the idea of predestination.

What is predestination?

The idea that God had long ago determined who would gain salvation.

What is the first Colony and how is it known?

Roanoke, formed by Sir Walter Raleigh; was later called Virginia (after the Virgin Queen). It is known because the entire colony vanished due to sickness and lack of supplies. Known as "The Lost Colony", John White is gone for 3 years and everyone is gone.

What is the first permanent English Settlement?

The Virginia Company (Joint Stock Company)

Virginia, what were they motivated by?

Financial Profit.

French Exploration, what is their main economic activity?

Fur trading.

The establishment of fur trading in New Netherland, what is it known for?

Major commercial center in the 1600's.

What was the major cause of Native American deaths?

Disease.

What is the significance of St. Augustine, Florida?

It is the oldest European settlement in the Americas.

The Diverging Cultures Of The New England And Chesapeake

Colonies; what was the focus of each region?

New England demanded conformity, but Puritans pushed for greater reforms. Chesapeaken colonies focused on profit.

What was the starving time?

The Starving Time refers to the winter of 1609-1610 when about three-quarters of the English colonists in Virginia died of starvation or starvation-related diseases. Settlers ate rats, dogs, boots, and mice.

Bacon's Rebellion, what did it signify?

It signified a shift to indentured servitude to African slavery.

The pilgrims, how were they different than Puritans?

Pilgrims were radical separatists who completely left the Church of England, while Puritans stayed within the church to reform and "purify" it from within.

What was the result of the Stono rebellion?

Stricter slave codes.

Founding of Pennsylvania (1681), how was it envisioned?

Haven for Quakers and religious tolerance.

What was the aim of the Navigation Acts?

To make sure that Colonial Trade benefited England.

What did the Bill of Rights establish?

Freedoms such as a trial by jury and habeas corpus for English subjects.

What happened with General Edward Braddock's campaign?

It ended with a devastating defeat and ambush.

Who takes over to change the momentum of British failure?

William Pitt.

Treaty of Paris; what do the French cede to Great Britain?

New France

What did Britain acquire from Spain?

Florida.

How did the British colonists react to their victory?

Significantly contributing to the victory in their British identity.

What was the economic result of the French and Indian War for Britain?

It left them Deeply in debt.

What was the Proclamation of 1763?

Prohibited colonists from moving west of the Appalachians

Imperial Reforms; what did the acts lead to?

Protests over the perceived loss of constitutional liberties.

What did the Stamp Act require?

All printed materials had to carry a revenue stamp.

What did the Declaratory Act affirm?

It affirmed Parliament's supreme power to legislate for the colonies in all cases whatsoever.

What did they call the first shot fired at Lexington and Concord?

The "Shot heard round the world".

Who is the author of the Common Sense?

Thomas Paine

What does the Common sense pamphlet argue?

Argued for independence and republicanism.

Who captures New York and how long is it held?

British Forces, it was held for the remainder of the war.

What impact did Washington's victories have?

Aided the US on the path to independence from England.

Who surrendered at Saratoga and why was it pivotal?

General Swagger; Johnny Burgoyne, it was pivotal for securing foreign support.

Why were many people loyalists?

To maintain Economic and political ties with Britain.

Why did women contribute to the American Revolution and how?

They provided significant financial contributions and supplies, like homespun goods, they protested for fair prices, and participated in combat.

It demonstrated their equality with men.

What was the significance of the Boston Massacre?

Five colonists died; it was a rallying point for the anti-British sentiment.

Why were the Committees of Correspondence formed?

They were formed to inform colonists what the British were doing after the Boston Massacre.

What was the aim of the Tea Act of 1773?

It aimed to decreased the price of tea in the colonies.

What was the main reason for the Boston Tea Party?

It was to oppose the Tea Act of 1773.

How did Parliament respond to the Boston Tea Party?

Parliament enacted the Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts) in early 1774 to punish Massachusetts and assert control.

The intolerable acts were perceived as a critical juncture. What was formed and why?

Of the First Continental Congress as a direct challenge to British authority.