Comprehensive Overview of Cranial Nerves in Relation to Mandibular and Tongue Functionality

preganglionic fibers innervating glands and smooth muscle usually emerge from the brain and synpase where?

parasympathetic ganglion outside the CNS and near the target organs

post ganglionic fibers innervating glands and smooth muscle supply as far down as the

abdomen, and other glands

pain fibers and reflex fibers carry

visceral sensation

somatic sensory fibers

afferent

fibers carrying general sensation

somatic sensory afferent

fibers that carry touch, pressure and temperature are:

a. somatic

b. efferent

c. afferent

d.visceral

a. somatic

c. afferent

cranial nerve 1

olfactory nerve

nerve that carries a sense of smell

CN 1

origin of CN1

olfactory area in the roof of the nasal cavity through the top of nasal septum and medial wll of superior concha

CN1 fibers pass vertically through the ___________________ of the ethmoid to reach the olfactory bulb

cribiform plate

true or false: CN1 is only a sensory nerve

true

loss of function of _______________ leads to anosmia

CN1

loss of smell

anosmia

CN 2

optic nerve

nerve that carries a sense of vision

optic nerve (CN2)

nerve that is considered a direct extension of the brain because it is surrounded by all three layers of meninges

optic nerve

origin of optic nerve

retina

optic nerve enters/ exits the skull through what?

optic canal

point at which the right and left optic nerve join in the cranial cavity

optic chiasm

true or false: the optic chiasm sits above the pituitary gland

true

the dura of the optic nerves continues as the ___________ of the eye

sclera

the pupillary light reflex is

afferent (sensory)

the pupillary light reflex leads to __________________ of the pupils in response to light

constriction

the _______________ limb of the pupillary light reflex is conveyd through the optic nerve

afferent

a pituitary adenoma might lead to what?

vision loss

a patient presents with loss of peripheral vision, what might you expect to be the diagnosis?

a pituitary adenoma

CN 3

oculomotor

what nerves constitute motor supply for the eye muscles?

oculomotor, trochlear and abducens

eye muscles can be __________ or ___________

intraocular or extraocular

elevator muscle of the upper eyelid

levator palpebrae superioris muscle

which nerves exit the superior orbital fissure?

CN 2, 3, 4, 6

optic

oculomotor

trochlear

abducens

what nerves pass through the cavernous sinus?

CN II, III, IV, V-1, V-2, VI

and postganglionic sympathetic fibers en route to the orbit all pass thru the cavernous sinus. Only CN VI is "free-floating". Cavernous portion of internal carotid artery is also here.

important dural venous sinus that cranial nerves can pass through

cavernous sinus

an infection in veins in the face can lead to

cavernous sinus thrombosis

a patient is experiencing complications secondary to a dental infection, the patient reports lid ptosis and opthalmoplegia as their symptoms. what might be the cause?

cavernous sinus thrombosis

signs of CST

opthalmoplegia and lid ptsosis

lid ptosis

eyelid drooping

paralysis of eye muscles

opthalmoplegia

can happen secondary to a dental infection, or infection on the skin and is lift threatening

CST

nerve that originates from the mid brain pierces the dura, and runs on the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus

oculomotor nerve

Somatic motor nerve for the 4/6 extraocular eye muscles

oculomotor

how does CN3 enter the orbit?

superior orbital fissure

eye muscles supplied by CN 3

superior, inferior and medial rectus and inferior oblique (extraocular eye muscles), and levator palpebrae superioris

what muscles can you expect to recieve a somatic motor innervation via the oculomotor nerve?

a. superior rectus

b. inferior rectus

c. lateral rectus

d. superior oblique

e. lateral oblique

f. medial rectus

g. levator palpebrae superioris

h. inferior oblique

a. superior rectus

b. inferior rectus

d. superior oblique

f. medial rectus

g. levator palpebrae superioris

nerve that supplies visceral motor innervation to the ciliary muscles and spinchter muscles of the eye

CN 3

visceral motor innervation through the cilliary ganglion to buldge the lens or constrict the pupil is _________________________

parasympathetic

through what ganglion does the oculomotor work to buldge the lens or constrict the pupils?

ciliary ganglion

you would expect near vision and bright light accomodation to occur through what fibers?

a. parasympathetic, somatic

b. sympathetic, visceral

c. parasympathetic, visceral

d. sympathetic, somatic

c. parasympathetic, visceral

muscle that buldges the lens

ciliary muscle

muscle that constricts the pupil

sphincter pupillae

the _______________ ____________ limb of the puillary reflex is conveyed through the oculomotor nerve

visceral efferent

parasympathetics of the eye are conveyed through what nerve?

CN 3

cranial nerve 4

trochlear nerve

where does the trochlear nerve originate?

midbrain

nerve that supplies somatic motor innervation to the superior oblique muscle

trochlear nerve (CNIV)

cranial nerve 6

abducens nerve

origin of CN VI

pontomedullary junction

nerve that supplies somatic motor innervation to the lateral rectus muscle

CNVI

cranial nerve 5

trigeminal nerve

CNV-1

opthalamic nerve

CNV-2

maxillary nerve

CNV-3

mandibular nerve

the motor root of the trigmenial is eclusive to the ___________________ divison

mandibular

nerve that is chief sensory supply to the face, oral cavity, nasal cavity, teeth and dura of the cranial cavity

trigeminal nerve

nerve that supplies somatic motor innervation to the muscles of mastication, mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensor veli palatini, and tensor tympani muscles

mandibular division of trigmeninal nerve

anesthesia

numbeness

paresthesia

tingling

a patient presents with anesthesia of the right side of their face and you feel a hard mass presenting around their submandibular gland area. what nerve is causing the numbness of the face?

CNV

a condition that presents as a sudden onset of sharp severe pain spontaneously or through a sensory trigger like eating/ shaving

trigeminal neuralgia

true or false: you can have trigeminal neuraliga in the absence of a pathological condition

true

true or false: trigeminal neuralgia affects the motor distribution of the trigeminal nerve

false

it affects the sensory distribution

in what condition, will a patient present with a one inch fiber sign with paroxymal lightning like jabs?

trigeminal neuraliga

the afferent limb of the corneal reflex is supplied by what nerve?

opthalmic division of trigmeninal

blinking in response to air being blown into your eye is supplied by what nerve fibers?

afferent limb of the opthalmic division of the CNV

condition of reactivation of the latent herpes zoster virus in regions along the trigeminal nerve

trigeminal herpes zoster

a patient presents with swelling along regions of the face with painful eruptions and vesicles. you suspect this is a reactivation of latent herpes zoster. what nerve might be affected?

trigeminal nerve

lesions affecting the motor function of the mandibular division of CNV will result in deviation of mouth opening or mandibular protrusion towards the ____________________ side

ipsilateral

why will a lesion to the mandibular division result in a deviation of mouth opening to the ipsilateral side?

imbalanced action of only one lateral ptyergoid muscle

the opthalmic nerve is purely

sensory

where does the opthalmic nerve exit the cranium?

superior orbital fissure

nerve that supplies sensory to the forehead, superior eyelid, cornea, upper conjunctiva, mucosa of the anterosuperior nasal cavity, frontal and ethmoidal sinuses, anterior and supratentorial dura and skin over dorsum of nose

opthalmic division of CNV

the lacrimal nerve is a branch of ......

opthalmic nerve of CNV

the frontal nerve is a branch of .....

opthalmic nerve of CNV

the nasociliary nerve is a branch of......

opthalmic division CNV

main branches off the opthalmic nerve

1. lacrimal nerve

2. frontal nerve

3. nasociliary nerve

what branches off the lacrimal nerve to connect the zygomatic nerve?

communicating branch from zygomatic nerve

the supratrochlear nerve and supraorbital nerve branch off of ....

the frontal nerve of the opthalmic division

the ganglionic branches of ciliary ganglion, long and short ciliary nerves, anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves and infratrochlear nervers branch off of ......

nasociliary nerve

what are all the nerves that branch off the opthalmic nerve?

1. lacrimal nerve

- communicating branch from zygomatic nerve

2. frontal nerve

- supratrochlear nerve

-supraorbital nerve

3. nasociliary nerve

- ganglionic branches of ciliary ganglion

-long and short ciliary ganglino

-anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves

-infratrochlear nerve

what nerves of the trigeminal are purely sensory?

opthalmic and maxillary nerve

where does the maxillary nerve exit the skull?

foramen rotundum

nerve that continues anteriorly in the infraorbital groove in the floor of the orbit, into the infraorbital canal and emerges onto the face beneath the orbit from the infraorbital foramen

maxillary nerve of opthalmic division

nerve that supplies the dura of anterior part of middle cranial fossa, mucosa of posteroinferior nasal cavity, maxillary sinus, maxillary teeth, apalte, skin of lateral nose, inferior eyelid and superior lip

maxillary nerve

what are the main branches that come off the maxillary nerve?

1. zygomatic nerve

2. ganglionic branches of ptyergopalatine ganglion

3. posterior superior alveolar nerve

4. infraorbital nerve

5. greater palatine nerve

6. lesser palatine nerves

7. nasopalatine nerve

branches of the zygomatic nerve

1. zygomaticotemporal branch

2. zygomaticofacial brnach

3. communicating branch to lacrimal nerve

true or false: the zygomatic nerve descends off the CNVII

false

what nerve supplies sensory to the pulp, bone and buccal mucoperiosteum of molar maxillary teeth?

posterior superior alveolar nerve

the anterior and middle superior alveolar nerves branch off the

infraorbital nerve

sensory supply to the pulp, bone and buccal mucoperiosteum of anterior teeth and premolars

anterior and middle superior alveolar nerve

if present, the middle superior alveolar nerve will supply what additional root?

mesiobuccal root of first molar and premolars