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acquired immunity
immunity that is developed during a person’s lifetime
acute infection
infection of short duration that is often severe
anaphylaxis
extreme hypersensitivity to a substance that can lead to shock and life-threatening respiratory collapse
artificially acquired immunity
immunity that results from a vaccination
blood-borne disease
disease that is caused by microorganisms such as viruses or bacteria that are carried in blood
blood-borne pathogens
disease-causing organisms transferred through contact with blood or other body fluids
chain of infection
conditions that all must be present for infection to occur
chronic infection
an infection of long duration
communicable disease
a condition caused by an infection that can be spread from person to person or through contact with body fluids
direct contact
touching or contact with a patient’s blood or saliva
droplet infection
infection that occurs through mucosal surfaces of the eyes, nose, or mouth
immunity
ability of the body to resist disease
indirect contact
touching or contact with a contaminated surface or instrument
infection control
policies and practices designed to prevent the spread of infectious agents
infectious disease
disease that is communicable
inherited immunity
immunity that is present at birth
latent infection
persistent infection with recurrent symptoms that “come and go”
naturally acquired immunity
immunity that occurs when a person has contracted and is recovering from a disease
occupational exposure
any reasonably anticipated skin, eye, or mucous membrane contact or percutaneous injury involving blood or any other potentially infectious materials
OSHA Blood-Borne Pathogens (BBP)
Standard guidelines designed to protect employees against occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens
pathogen
disease-causing organism
permucosal
contact with mucous membranes, such as the eyes or mouth
personal protective equipment (PPE)
items such as protective clothing, masks, gloves, and eyewear used to protect employees
standard precautions
standard of care designed to protect healthcare providers from pathogens that can be spread by blood or any other body fluid via excretion or secretion; expands on the concept of Universal Precautions
universal precautions
guidelines based on treating all human blood and body fluids (including saliva) as potentially infectious
virulence
strength of a pathogen’s ability to cause disease; also known as pathogenicity