Infection control dentistry

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26 Terms

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acquired immunity

immunity that is developed during a person’s lifetime

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acute infection

infection of short duration that is often severe

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anaphylaxis

extreme hypersensitivity to a substance that can lead to shock and life-threatening respiratory collapse

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artificially acquired immunity

immunity that results from a vaccination

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blood-borne disease

disease that is caused by microorganisms such as viruses or bacteria that are carried in blood

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blood-borne pathogens

disease-causing organisms transferred through contact with blood or other body fluids

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chain of infection

conditions that all must be present for infection to occur

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chronic infection

an infection of long duration

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communicable disease

a condition caused by an infection that can be spread from person to person or through contact with body fluids

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direct contact

touching or contact with a patient’s blood or saliva

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droplet infection

infection that occurs through mucosal surfaces of the eyes, nose, or mouth

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immunity

ability of the body to resist disease

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indirect contact

touching or contact with a contaminated surface or instrument

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infection control

policies and practices designed to prevent the spread of infectious agents

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infectious disease

disease that is communicable

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inherited immunity

immunity that is present at birth

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latent infection

persistent infection with recurrent symptoms that “come and go”

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naturally acquired immunity

immunity that occurs when a person has contracted and is recovering from a disease

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occupational exposure

any reasonably anticipated skin, eye, or mucous membrane contact or percutaneous injury involving blood or any other potentially infectious materials

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OSHA Blood-Borne Pathogens (BBP)

Standard guidelines designed to protect employees against occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens

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pathogen

disease-causing organism

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permucosal

contact with mucous membranes, such as the eyes or mouth

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personal protective equipment (PPE)

items such as protective clothing, masks, gloves, and eyewear used to protect employees

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standard precautions

standard of care designed to protect healthcare providers from pathogens that can be spread by blood or any other body fluid via excretion or secretion; expands on the concept of Universal Precautions

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universal precautions

guidelines based on treating all human blood and body fluids (including saliva) as potentially infectious

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virulence

strength of a pathogen’s ability to cause disease; also known as pathogenicity