Biology 120 Notes (Part 9) Phospholipids, Plasma Membrane, Diffusion, and Osmosis

Phagocytosis

Phagocytosis

________ describes how the plasma membrane engulfs a smaller cell or food particle.

Carbohydrate chains

________ are attached to proteins or phospholipids, and they function as cellular "fingerprints ..

Diffusion

________ is the net movement of molecules down a concentration gradient.

Plasmolysis

________ occurs in plant cells.

Phospholipids

________ consist of one glycerol molecule linked to two fatty acids and a modified phosphate group.

passive transport

Facilitated diffusion is a(n) ________ involving transmembrane proteins.

Longer tails

________ make the membrane less permeable (increased hydrophobic reactions .)

Osmosis

________ is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

Bulk transport

________ is the movement of large particles across the plasma membrane using vesicles.

Electrical gradients

________ are a combo of two gradients.

cholesterol

Adding ________ to membranes increases the density of the hydrophobic section and it reduces membrane permeability.

Receptor Medicated Endocytosis

________ describes a specific form of pinocytosis using receptor proteins and a coated pit.

Active transport

________ moves substances against their gradient and requires an input of energy (ATP .)

Pinocytosis

________ describes how vesicles form around a liquid or very small particles.

Membrane fluidity

________ decreases as the temperature drops.

Isotonic solutions

________ describe how the amount of solute and water are equal on both sides of the membrane.

Diffusion

________ is a type of passive transport.

Phospholipids

________ also tend to form a phospholipids bilayer.

Membrane fluidity

________ decreases as temperature drops.

There are three mechanisms of membrane transport

diffusion, facilitated diffusion through transports of carriers, and active transport (this mechanism requires energy for transport.)

There are two types of membrane proteins

integral and peripheral

There are two varieties

exocytosis and endocytosis

The three mechanisms of membrane transport are:

diffusion, facilitated diffusion through transports of carriers, and active transport (this mechanism requires energy for transport.)

The two types of membrane proteins are:

integral and peripheral.

The factors that influence the behavior of the membrane are:

the number of double bonds in phospholipid tails, length of the tails, the number of cholesterol molecules in the membranes, and the temperatures.