functional groups

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Last updated 1:59 AM on 9/4/26
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22 Terms

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alkane

C single bonded to C

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alkene

C double bonded to C

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alkyne

C triple bonded to C

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aromatic ring

carbon ring with with C double bonds

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hydrocarbon

contains only H and C

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heteroatoms

contains only nonmetals (excluding C and H)

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alkyl halide

any halogen single bonded to C

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alcohol

OH single bonded to C

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ether

R-O-R or R-O-R’

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aldehyde

at least one H attached to a carbonyl

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ketone

2 alkyls attached to a carbonyl

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carboxylic acid

carbonyl group bonded to OH

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amide

carbonyl group single bonded to N

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acyl halide

carbonyl group single bonded to halogen

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anhydride

O single bonded BETWEEN 2 carbonyls

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amine

N single bonded to C

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cyano

N triple bonded to R

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nitro

N double bonded to an O and single bonded to an O

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thiol

S single bonded to H

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sulfide

S single bonded to C

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functional group

groups of atoms with specific bonding patterns that dictates a molecules reactivity

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ester

carbonyl group bonded to OR’ group and R