Comp Sci Prin Unit 2

Net Neutrality

the principle that ISPs should enable access to all content and applications regardless of the source, w/o favoring particular products or websites.

Internet Protocol

aset of rules for routing and addressing packets of data so that they can travelacross networks andarrive at the correct address.

IP Address

aunique, identifying string of numbers, separated by periods, that is assignedto each device on the Internet.

Internet

–the global system of interconnectedcomputer networks.

Network

agroup of computers and servers that are connected to each other

Octet

–one of the 4 decimal numbers that make up an IP address

Router

acomputer which receives messages travelling across a network and redirects themtowards their destinations, based on the addressing info included with themessage.

Core Router

atype of router designed to operate in the Internet Backbone

Internet Backbone

–the high speed (mostly fiber–optic) transmission lines that connect large,interconnected networks (such as ISPs) and core routers on the Internet.

Redundancy / Router Redundancy

having multiplebackups to ensure reliability during cases of high usage or failure.

Fault Tolerance

theability of a system to continue operating properly in the event of a failure

Modem

– a box that connects your home network to thewider Internet.

Home Router

– a box that lets all of your wired and wireless devicesuse that Internet connection at once and also allows them to talk to oneanother without having to do so over the Internet.

Gateway

abox that is a combination modem / router

Packets

– chunks of data sent online or over a network

Packet Switching

amode of data transmission in which a message is broken into a number of partswhich are sent independently, over whatever route is optimum for each packet,and reassembled at the destination

Datastream

– the information itself that is sent online,divided into packets

Packets Metadata

– data added to packets to help route them thruthe network and reassemble the original message

UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

– A protocol for sending packets quickly, withminimal error checking and NO resending of dropped packets

TCP – (Transmission Control Protocol)

aprotocol for sending packets that does error–checking to ensure all packets arereceived and properly ordered

URL (Uniform Resource Locator)

aka"web address" or "domain name", a reference to a webresource that specifies its location on a computer network.

Domain

Agroup of computers and devices on a network that are administered as a unitwith common rules and procedures. All devices sharing a common part of the IPaddress are said to be in the same domain.

Subdomain

adomain that is part of another domain

TLD

–the last segment of the domain name. A TLD identifies something about thewebsite associated with it, such as its purpose, the organization that owns itor the geographical area where it originates.

Server

acomputer that manages ACCESS to a centralized resource in a network.

DNS

(Domain Name System) – a global directory of IPAddresses. It translates domain names (web addresses, or URLs) into their IPAddresses. It is essentially a global directory service for Internet–connecteddevices.

Scalability

thecapacity for a system to change in size and scale to meet new demands

HTTP

HypertextTransfer Protocol – a protocol for computers to request and share the pagesthat make up the WWW on the Internet.

WWW

a system of linkedpages, programs, and files that is accessed via the Internet

Digital Certificate

– anelectronic document that authenticates (verifies the identity of) a messagesender or a website. It does this by verifying the ownership of encrypted keys used in secure communication. It is issued by an official Certificate Authority (CA), such as Let's Encrypt or Verisign.

Certificate Authority

an organization that issues digital certificates.

Parameter

the variable or variables inside the parentheses of a function definition

Argument

the actual value(s) that are passed to a function through the parameter(s)