short answer history section

1. Explain in 2-3 sentences why the Sinking of Lusitania and unrestricted submarine warfareinfluenced the U.S. to enter WWl.

1. The sinking of the Lusitania in 1915, which killed 128 Americans, outraged the U.S. public and was seen as a direct threat to American lives.
   Germany's policy of unrestricted submarine warfare, which targeted civilian and neutral ships without warning, violated international norms and pushed the U.S. closer to entering World War I.

1. Explain what the Zimmermann Telegram was and its effect on American public opinion

1. The Zimmermann Telegram was a secret message from Germany to Mexico proposing a military alliance against the U.S. in exchange for the return of lost territory. When it was intercepted and published, it outraged the American public and increased support for entering WWI.

1. Describe how poison gas and artillery increased fatalities in WWI.

1. Poison gas, like chlorine and mustard gas, caused horrific injuries, blindness, and slow, painful deaths.
   New artillery could fire shells long distances with devastating accuracy, leading to mass casualties in trench warfare.

1. Explain how the assassination of Franz Ferdinand led to a chain reaction of war declarations.

1. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by a Serbian nationalist triggered Austria-Hungary's declaration of war on Serbia. This set off a chain reaction as alliances pulled countries like Germany, Russia, France, and Britain into the conflict.

1. Write 2-3 sentences on how the "Blank Check" escalated tensions in Europe.

1. The "Blank Check" was Germany's promise of unconditional support to Austria-Hungary after the assassination of Franz Ferdinand. This emboldened Austria-Hungary to act aggressively toward Serbia, escalating tensions across Europe and contributing to the outbreak of WWl.

1. Summarize the goals of the Fourteen Points and their role in the Treaty of Versailles.

President Wilson's Fourteen Points were designed to promote peace and prevent future wars by encouraging open diplomacy, free trade, and self-determination. Although only some of the points were included in the Treaty of Versailles, the plan laid the groundwork for the League of Nations.

1. Briefly describe how the Treaty of Versailles and economic conditions led to WwW.

1. The Treaty of Versailles imposed harsh reparations and territorial losses on Germany, fostering resentment and economic hardship. Combined with the global impact of the Great Depression, these conditions allowed extremist movements like Nazism to rise, eventually leading to WWII

1. Write about how the attack on Pearl Harbor shifted U.S. foreign policy overnight.

1. The attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, killed over 2,400

2. Americans and shocked the nation. It ended decades of U.S. isolationism and led Congress to declare war on Japan the very next day, fully committing the U.S. to WWIl.

1. Explain the timeline of events that led to Japan's surrender:

1. On August 6 and 9, 1945, the U.S. dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, killing tens of thousands. On August 14, Japan agreed to surrender, and the official surrender was signed on September 2, ending www.

1. Describe what sparked the riots and how they ended.

1. The Chicago Race Riots of 1919 began after a Black teenager was killed for crossing an unofficial segregation line at a beach. The violence lasted a week, killing 38 people and injuring hundreds before the National Guard restored order.

1. Explain the scope and significance of the Tulsa Race Massacre.

1. 
   The Tulsa Race Massacre in 1921 occurred when white mobs, some deputized by officials, attacked the prosperous Black neighborhood of Greenwood. Over two days, hundreds were killed and homes and businesses were destroyed, marking one of the worst acts of racial violence in U.S. history.

1. Summarize the human and political consequences of the atomic bombings

1. The atomic bombings caused immediate deaths of tens of thousands and left lasting injuries and radiation effects. Politically, they ended the war with Japan but also sparked global debate and fear about nuclear weapons, influencing Cold War tensions.

1. Write a short paragraph on the combination of causes that led to the Great Depression

The Great Depression was caused by a combination of factors: the 1929 stock market crash, bank failures, the collapse of the money supply, and the Smoot-Hawley Tariff, which reduced international trade. Poor government policy and lack of financial safeguards deepened the crisis, leading to massive unemployment and economic decline.