Honors Enlightenment Test

Enlightenment by

Logical thinking, asking questions, doubting and applying that to real life.

-Wrote Leviathan

-In the state of nature people were bad (greedy and selfish)

-Social contract- give up freedom to organized society

-Absolute monarchy was best for society

Thomas Hobbes

-2 treatises on government

-Against absolute rule

-Introduced the idea of natural rights

-Supported a representative government

-People have the right to overthrow the government

John locke

-The social contract

-General will (common good) should direct toward the common good

-Elected representatives could not decide the general will

-Direct democracy- everyone voted to express the general will

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

-Candide

-He criticized Christianity and had a strong belief in religious toleration

-Deism (god set everything into motion - natural law)

-Believed strongly in freedom of expression; speech, religion and press

Voltaire

-The spirit of laws

-Separation of powers

-Executive-monarch

-Legislative-parliament

-Judicial-courts

Montesquieu

-The wealth of nations

-People should be dictating the supply and demand

-Government shouldn’t interfere with business called the laissez faire (free market)

-Father of capitalism

Adam smith

-The encyclopedia

-Angered the French and Catholic church

-Censors banned the work

-Helped spread the ideas of the Enlightenment

Diderot

-An essay on crimes and punishments

-Opposed death penalty

-Excessive or brutal punishments are not allowed

-Though it didn’t prevent crimes (death penalty)

Beccaria

-A vindication of the rights of women

-Women, like men, have reason and need education to become useful

-Women deserve equal education (women should get the option to choose whether or not they went to school, had children or stayed at home

-Urged women to join male dominated fields (medicine and politics)

Mary Wollstonecraft