protostome/deuterostomes & tissues

Name the type of cleavage for deuterostomes and whether it’s indeterminate or determinate growth

Radial cleavage; Indeterminate

Name the type of cleavage for protostomes and whether it’s indeterminate or determinate growth

Spiral cleavage; Determinate

What are the 4 major tissue types?

Epithelial Tissue

Connective Tissue

Muscle Tissue

Nervous Tissue

What are connective tissues made of?

Extracellular matrix and a few cells

What is the function of connective tissue overall?

Holds organs together, supports and connects

What tissue covers the outside of the body and lines organs and cavities?

Epithelial Tissue

What tissue is responsible for movement

Muscle Tissue

What is the function of nervous tissue?

Signal transmission, processing, and response

Name all 5 types of the epithelium tissue

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Simple Columnar Epithelium

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

For epithelial tissues, what does simple mean?

A single layer

For epithelial tissues, what does squamous mean?

Flat, thin cells

For epithelial tissues, what does cuboidal mean?

Cube-shaped cells

For epithelial tissues, what does stratified mean?

Many layers of cells

For epithelial tissues, what does pseudostratified mean?

Appears stratified, but is actually one layer of cells at different heights

Name the function for the Simple Squamous Epithelium Tissue

Diffusion and filtration

Name the function for the Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Tissue

Secretion and absorption

Name the function for the Simple Columnar Epithelium Tissue

Absorption and secretion of digestive enzymes

Name the function for the Stratified Squamous Epithelium Tissue

Protection from abrasion, pathogens, and friction

Name the function for the Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium Tissue

Mucus secretion, moving particles

Which of the epithelium tissues contain cilia?

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium; Simple Columnar Epithelium

Where is the simple squamous epithelium tissue found?

Alveoli of lungs, capillaries

Where is the simple cuboidal epithelium tissue found?

Kidney tubules, glands

Where is the simple columnar epithelium tissue found?

Small intestine, stomach lining

Where is the stratified squamous epithelium tissue found?

Skin, mouth, esophagus

Where is the pseudostratified columnar epithelium tissue found?

Respiratory tract (trachea, bronchi)

What are the 6 types of connective tissue?

Loose Connective Tissue

Fibrous (Dense) Connective Tissue

Bone

Cartilage

Adipose Tissue

Blood

What is the connective tissue made of?

Collagen

Name the function of loose connective tissue

Holds organs in place, binds epithelial tissue to underlying tissues, allows diffusion of nutrients/wastes

Name the function of fibrous (dense) connective tissue

Attachment of tendons to ligaments

What is bone made of?

Calcium phosphate

What is the function for bone?

Support and protection, mineral storage, anchors muscles

What is cartilage made of?

Chondrocytes

What is the function of cartilage?

Cushioning, support, reduces friction at joints

What is adipose tissue made of?

Fat cells

What is the function of adipose tissue?

Energy storage, insulation, cushioning of organs

What is blood made of?

Plasma with red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

What is the function of blood?

Transport of gases, nutrients, wastes, immune defense

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

Skeletal Muscle

Cardiac Muscle

Smooth Muscle

What is the structure of skeletal muscle like?

Long, striated cylindrical fibers

What is the function of skeletal muscle?

Voluntary movement, body posture, produces heat

What is the structure of cardiac muscle?

Striated, connected by intercalated discs

What is the function of cardiac muscle?

Involuntary pumping of blood, generating heartbeat rhythm

What is the structure of smooth muscle?

Not striated, spindle-shaped cells

What is the function of smooth muscle?

Involuntary movements, moves substances through internal organs, controls diameters of blood vessels and airways