AP Human Geography Note Cards

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29 Terms

1
Geographic Scale
The relationship of an object or place to the Earth as a whole.
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2
Activity Space
The area wherein daily activities occur.
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3
Place-Name (Toponym)
A name assigned to a location when human importance is recognized.
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4
Regions
A type of place that can be categorized as formal, functional, or vernacular.
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5
Sequent Occupancy
The concept that over time, different groups and cultural influences succeed each other in a given place.
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6
Absolute Location
Defines a location using coordinates such as latitude and longitude.
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7
Friction of Distance
The idea that distance inhibits interactions between two points.
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8
Distance Decay
The principle that the farther away different places are, the less likely they are to interact.
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9
Formal Regions
Areas defined by a common characteristic or uniformity.
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10
Functional Regions
Areas centered around a node or focal point with a specific function.
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11
Vernacular Regions
Regions based on the perception or mental map of the residents.
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12
Absolute Density
The number of people per square unit of land.
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13
Physiologic Density
The number of people per unit of arable land.
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14
Agricultural Density
The number of farmers per unit of arable land.
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15
Hearth
The point of origin or innovation in spatial diffusion.
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16
Expansion Diffusion
A pattern where a phenomenon originates at a central place and expands outward.
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17
Hierarchical Diffusion
Diffusion that originates from a first-order location and moves to subordinate locations.
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18
Contagious Diffusion
Diffusion that begins at a point of origin and spreads outward to nearby locations.
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19
Relocation Diffusion
The spread of ideas or innovations when people migrate.
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20
Cultural Hearth
A localized area where a culture originates.
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21
Cultural Synthesis (Syncretism)
The blending together of two or more cultural influences.
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22
Site and Situation
Site refers to the physical characteristics of a place; situation refers to its relation to other places.
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23
World City
A metropolitan area that serves as a global center for finance, trade, and commerce.
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24
Megalopolis
The merging of multiple urbanized areas through suburban growth and expansion.
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25
Primate City
A city that is the largest in its country, often significantly larger than the next largest city.
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26
Gentrification
Economic reinvestment in existing real estate that can displace low-income residents.
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27
Urban Sprawl
The spread of urban development into previously rural areas.
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28
Deindustrialization
The decline of manufacturing industries in a particular region, leading to economic shifts.
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29
Commodity Chain
The process from production to consumption of goods, capturing the journey of a product.
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